Findings highlight the need for positive messaging targeting potential PrEP users and their social networks to increase PrEP acceptance and uptake.
Section 1 Diagnoses of HIV Infection and Diagnoses of Infection Classified as Stage 3 (AIDS) 1a Diagnoses of HIV infection, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 1b Diagnoses of HIV infection, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 2a Stage 3 (AIDS), by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2012-2017 and cumulative-United States 2b Stage 3 (AIDS), by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2012-2017 and cumulative-United States and 6 dependent areas 3a Diagnoses of HIV infection, by race/ethnicity and selected characteristics, 2017-United States 3b Diagnoses of HIV infection, by race/ethnicity and selected characteristics, 2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 4a Stage 3 (AIDS), by race/ethnicity and selected characteristics, 2017-United States 4b Stage 3 (AIDS), by race/ethnicity and selected characteristics, 2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 5a Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by year of diagnosis, sex, and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 5b Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by year of diagnosis, sex, and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 6a Stage 3 (AIDS) among adults and adolescents, by year of diagnosis, sex, and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 6b Stage 3 (AIDS) among adults and adolescents, by year of diagnosis, sex, and selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 7a Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact and male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 7b Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact and male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 8a Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 8b Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 9a Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to heterosexual contact, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 9b Diagnoses of HIV infection attributed to heterosexual contact, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 10a Stage 3 (AIDS) attributed to male-to-male sexual contact and male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States 10b Stage 3 (AIDS) attributed to male-to-male sexual contact and male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, by selected characteristics, 2012-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas HIV Surveillance Report 4 Vol. 29 15 Stage 3 (AIDS) among children aged <13 years, by year of diagnosis, 1992-2017-United States and 6 dependent areas 16 Diagnoses of HIV infection among adult and adolescent Hispanics/Latinos, by transmissio...
Objective: Disparities in U.S. breastfeeding rates persist among Black mothers according to birth country and between Black and White mothers, necessitating further investigation of modifiable mediating factors to inform interventions. This study seeks to examine the extent that social, maternal, infant factors and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) domains (attitudes, perceived control, and subjective norms) mediate the association of maternal race/birth country and breastfeeding continuation. Methods: A national cohort of 2,050 mothers self-identifying as U.S.-born non-Hispanic Black (n = 689), foreign-born non-Hispanic Black (n = 139), and U.S.-born non-Hispanic White (n = 1,222) was analyzed. Using logistic regression, associations of race/birth country and any/exclusive breastfeeding at 2-6 months were examined. Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether social, maternal, and infant factors and TPB domains mediate these relationships. Results: 40.0% of U.S.-born Black, 82.2% of foreign-born Black, and 57.3% of U.S.-born White mothers reported any breastfeeding at 2-6 months. Compared with U.S.-born Black mothers, odds of any breastfeeding were sevenfold higher among foreign-born Black mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 7.04 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.80-10.31), which was explained partly by social/maternal/infant factors and TPB domains. Compared with U.S.-born White mothers, any breastfeeding was lower (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.40-0.73) among U.S.-born Black mothers and higher (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 2.48-5.87) among foreign-born Black mothers; these differences were also mediated by the aforementioned factors. Conclusions: Among Black mothers in the United States, breastfeeding continuation varied substantially by birth country. Promotion of interventions targeting positive attitudes, perceived control, and subjective norms may reduce disparities among Black and between Black and White mothers.
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