Objective:
Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have a numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors.
Method:
It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming of 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid.
Result:
The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.
Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors. It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid. The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.
Dựa trên các số liệu khảo sát về chất lượng nước tại đầm Thị Nại mùa mưa (tháng 10/2013) và mùa khô (tháng 5/2014), các tài liệu thu thập về điều kiện tự nhiên, kinh tế - xã hội ven đầm và các tiêu chuẩn môi trường, đã tính toán khả năng tiếp nhận các chất ô nhiễm trong đầm thông qua sử dụng mô hình Delft3D. Kết quả tính cho thấy, hiện tại đầm Thị Nại không còn khả năng tiếp nhận amoni, nitrat. Tới năm 2025, ngoài 2 thông số này đầm Thị Nại sẽ không còn khả năng tiếp nhận phosphat. Ngoài ra, khả năng tiếp nhận của đầm sẽ giảm đi đối với hầu hết các thông số (3,44%, 1,84%, 0,02%, 12,18%, 0,46% đối với COD, Cu, Pb, Zn và As, tương ứng), trong khi khả năng tiếp nhận BOD5 và vật lơ lửng tăng lên. Liên quan đến các kim loại nặng, khả năng tiếp nhận của đầm cũng giảm đi nhiều nhất là Zn (12,18%).
With nearly 3,000 large and small islands, the islands and archipelagos of Vietnam have outstanding features in terms biodiversity and geology. The islands are mainly formed from carbonate (limestone), intrusive igneous rock, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, in which limestone islands predominate, distributed mainly in the Gulf of Tonkin. This paper presents the results of researches and assessments on sea water quality of Vietnam's typical limestone islands and archipelagoes through the 2017-2018 surveys. The research results show that although the water quality around of limestone and archipelago area of Viet Nam is safety for the development of aquatic life, an increase in pollutants concentration in water has been recorded when compared to previous research results. The research results supplement the data set of sea water quality in limestone areas that defining the characteristics of marine biodiversity.
Keywords: limestone island, water quality, pollutants.
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