MXenes are emerging rapidly as a new family of multifunctional nanomaterials with prospective applications rivaling that of graphenes. Herein, a timely account of the design and performance evaluation of MXene‐based membranes is provided. First, the preparation and physicochemical characteristics of MXenes are outlined, with a focus on exfoliation, dispersion stability, and processability, which are crucial factors for membrane fabrication. Then, different formats of MXene‐based membranes in the literature are introduced, comprising pristine or intercalated nanolaminates and polymer‐based nanocomposites. Next, the major membrane processes so far pursued by MXenes are evaluated, covering gas separation, wastewater treatment, desalination, and organic solvent purification. The potential utility of MXenes in phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, as well as layer‐by‐layer assembly for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes, is also critically discussed. Looking forward, exploiting the high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of certain MXenes is put into perspective for niche applications that are not easily achievable by other nanomaterials. Furthermore, the benefits of simulation/modeling approaches for designing MXene‐based membranes are exemplified. Overall, critical insights are provided for materials science and membrane communities to navigate better while exploring the potential of MXenes for developing advanced separation membranes.

a b s t r a c tTiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 binary oxide surfaces were utilized in order to develop an alternative photocatalytic NO x abatement approach, where TiO 2 sites were used for ambient photocatalytic oxidation of NO with O 2 and alumina sites were exploited for NO x storage. Chemical, crystallographic and electronic structure of the TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 binary oxide surfaces were characterized (via BET surface area measurements, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and DR-UV-Vis Spectroscopy) as a function of the TiO 2 loading in the mixture as well as the calcination temperature used in the synthesis protocol. 0.5 Ti/Al-900 photocatalyst showed remarkable photocatalytic NO x oxidation and storage performance, which was found to be much superior to that of a Degussa P25 industrial benchmark photocatalyst (i.e. 160% higher NO x storage and 55% lower NO 2 (g) release to the atmosphere). Our results indicate that the onset of the photocatalytic NO x abatement activity is concomitant to the switch between amorphous to a crystalline phase with an electronic band gap within 3.05-3.10 eV; where the most active photocatalyst revealed predominantly rutile phase together and anatase as the minority phase.

The chirality-selective synthesis of relatively large (diameter > 1 nm) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is of great interest for a variety of practical applications, but only a few catalysts are available so far. Previous studies suggested that S (compounds) can enhance the chirality-selectivity of Co catalysts in SWCNT synthesis, however, the mechanism behind is not fully understood, and no tailorable methodology has yet been developed. Here, we demonstrate a facile approach to achieve the chirality-selective synthesis of SWCNTs by the sulfidation-based poisoning of silica-supported Co catalysts using a mixture of HS and H. The UV-vis-NIR, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy results together show that the resulting SWCNTs have a narrow diameter distribution of around 1.2 nm, and (9,8) nanotubes have an abundance of ∼38% among the semiconducting species. More importantly, the carbon yield achieved by the sulfided catalyst (2.5 wt%) is similar to that of the nonsulfided one (2.7 wt%). The characterization of the catalysts by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and H temperature-programmed reduction shows that the sulfidation leads to the formation of CoS nanoparticles. However, CoS nanoparticles are reduced back to regenerate metallic Co nanoparticles during the synthesis of SWCNTs, which maintain a high carbon yield. In this process, CoS nanoparticles seemingly intermediate the production of Co nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. Due to the fact that the poisoning step improves the quality of the end-product rather than hampering the growth process, we have coined the process developed as "smart poisoning". This study not only reveals the mechanism behind the beneficial role of S in the selective synthesis of relatively large SWCNTs but also presents a promising method to create chirality-selective catalysts with high activity for scalable synthesis.

The purpose of the study is to explore the doer effect of service failure, good prior experience, and recovery on overall customer satisfaction, and repurchase intentions for multi-agents in tourism service supply chain. It specifically focuses on internal and external failure, and recovery. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs a 2*2*3 between-subjects experimental design with twelve diverse scenarios. It aims to examine the main effects of good prior experience, and the interaction effects of service failure and recovery on overall customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Findings: The main findings show that consumers do not show favourable behavioural outcomes when they have good prior experience with an affiliated party. Results of the experiments demonstrate that for hotels, there is no interaction effect between failure and recovery regarding overall customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions; however, for travel agencies, an interaction effect has been found. This indicates that, an internal failure (by travel agency), should be recovered internally to increase the behavioural outcomes for travel agency. However, if there is an external failure (by hotel) then the essential thing is providing a recovery. Originality: Although the service literature covers failure and recovery in diverse contexts, these concepts are rarely studied from a multi-agent perspective in the service supply chain literature. In such a chain, a failure by a different party may remain unresolved, and this may create a positive effect on another party, if they provide recovery for the failure. This means that the doer of the failure and/or recovery (the party responsible from the failure and/or recovery) may have an impact on behavioural outcomes. However, previous literature has neglected to focus on the important issue of which entity/party performs the failure and/or recovery, and the effect on behavioural outcomes. By focusing on a principal-agent relationship in a tourism service supply chain, the study aims to address this research gap.

Brand loyalty has been a popular research area for the previous decades, and concepts such as satisfaction, trust, repurchase behavior and positive brand image have been associated with brand loyalty as antecedents of the concept. This study investigates how much satisfaction actively is required for the development of brand loyalty, focusing on the cases in which loyalty is retained in spite of being disliked. This qualitative study employs 14 semi-structured interviews and for the first time in the literature reveals that nostalgia may play an important role in maintaining an otherwise failed brand relationship, among other factors previously noted.