Imidacloprid has become a research hotspot, due to its high toxicity to bees and other nontarget organisms. Photodegradation is a common method for removing imidacloprid in an aquatic environment. Traditional methods of pesticide photodegradation have generally been confined by many factors, such as response to only high-energy ultraviolet light. Herein, the visible-light-driven photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was applied to the photodegradation of imidacloprid. Visible-light illumination (λ >400 nm) resulted in nearly 90% substrate transformation in 5 h. With the illumination of an energy-saving lamp, imidacloprid has also been mostly removed. 1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylhydroxy)imidazolidin-2-ylidene nitramide) and 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine were the main photoproducts identified by LC-MS analysis. The photocatalytic mechanism has also been discussed. This work could provide new perspective that g-C3N4, as a good visible-light photocatalyst could be applied to the cleanup of environmental pesticide pollution.
2-(Arylimino)oxazolidines(AIOs) and 2-(substituted benzylamino)-2-oxazolines (SBOs) were obtained by cyclodesulfurizing the corresponding thiourea with yellow mercuric oxide. The activity for stimulating adenylate cyclase prepared from thoracic nerve cords of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana L, was examined by these compounds. Greater enzyme activation appeared to result from alkyl substitution at the 2, 6-positions or 2-alkyl 4-halogen at the phenyl ring of AIOs. A halogen in the m-and/or p-position, or methyl group at p-position seems to be a favorable substituent on the phenyl ring of SBO compounds for octopaminergic-agonist activity. SBO with a 3, 4-dichlorophenyl group (36) was less active than its thiazoline derivative, 2-(3, 4-dichlorophenylamino)-2-thiazoline (CBT) in terms of Ka and Vmax: Ka and Vmax of 36 were 2.3 pM and 29% relative to OA, whereas those of CBT have been 0.40 jiM and 53% relative to OA, respectively. Superimposition of energy-minimized OA and CBT revealed structural and conformational similarities that might account for the high activity of CBT.
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