The clarification of chlorides evaporation behavior from chloride or oxychloride melts is quite important for the treatment and recycling of fly ash generated from incineration processes of municipal solid waste. In the present study, the evaporation rate of the molten PbCl 2 -ZnCl 2 binary chloride system was measured at 973, 1 023 and 1 073 K. The effects of temperature, composition of the melt and the oxygen partial pressure of atmosphere on the evaporation rate of molten chloride were investigated. The ZnCl 2 in chloride melt evaporated preferentially, but the evaporated amount of PbCl 2 was negligibly small. Calculated activation energy of ZnCl 2 evaporation was 194Ϯ4 kJ/mol and that evaporation rate was smaller than that estimated from ZnCl 2 activity for the PbCl 2 -ZnCl 2 system. Therefore, the evaporation is considered to be controlled by the slower chemical reaction step than the interfacial evaporation reaction. The evaporation rate increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere, which might be due to the effect of oxychloride formation.
During the refining of 28CrMo47 drill pipe steel, it is found that the product often has internal defects and cracks. The present work is initiated with a view to examine if these problems could be solved by optimizing the slag chemistry of the refining slag. Three series of slags, namely, slag A (57.09%CaO-15.) are designed and their viscosities are measured. The effect of Al 2 O 3 content on viscosity of the slag C is also investigated as part of the slag optimization. Slag-steel equilibrium experiments are subsequently carried out in order to understand the effect of the slag chemistry, especially the variation in the Al 2 O 3 content in the same on the inclusions in drill pipe steel. It is concluded that both increasing Al 2 O 3 content of the slag used in the refining unit in the plant and addition of CaF 2 could decrease effectively the slag viscosity. Inclusions in steel equilibrated with slag C1, corresponding to 51%CaO-7%MgO-25%Al 2 O 3 -17SiO 2 , consisted mainly of low melting point CaO-Al 2 O 3 complex, which did not have any negative effect on the steel quality.
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