IntroductionUrinary tract infections are one of the most commonly seen infections in both in-and outpatient settings (1,2). In Turkey, although studies have been conducted on urinary tract infection agents and their antibiotic susceptibilities, they have generally been regional studies covering limited time periods. There are a limited number of reviews to pool the results of different studies and reveal the isolation rates of different species and their antibiotic susceptibilities in Turkey.The objective of this review is to contribute to the advancement of empirical treatment, particularly in primary healthcare settings, and to reveal the isolation rates of Enterobacteriaceae species, the most common agents of urinary tract infections, and their antibiotic susceptibilities. 2.Materials and methodsThe method used in this review was established by considering the items provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols-2015 (PRISMA-P) statement. Based on this guide, information resources were identified and searching strategies were established by a team consisting of three microbiologists, one medical pharmacologist, and one biostatistician who then reviewed the studies and evaluated the data collected according to the specified acceptance/rejection criteria. Information resources to review and searching strategiesFour team members independently searched articles in the Google Scholar, PubMed and ULAKBİM-EKUAL national databases. During the database search, "Escherichia coli,

Objective: Neisseria meningitidis can colonise healthy human nasopharynx and is one of the most important etiologic agent of epidemic meningitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the carriage rate, serogroup distribution and antibiotic resistance of Neisseria meningitidis in medical faculty students. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab cultures were evaluated. Identification is made by convensional and semi-otomatised system. Serogroup analysis was performed with slide agglutination method. Minimum inhibitor concentration results were evaluated by gradient test. Risk factors for carriage were investigated. Results: Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from 3 out of 475 (0.6%) students. Two of them were serogroup A and one was serogroup C. All strains were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. Living in a dormitory and sharing the room with three other students and smoking were found as risk factors. None of the students reported upper respiratory tract infection or antibiotic usage. Other potential pathogenic microorganisms colonising nasopharynx were also identified and most detected of them is methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n: 87). Conclusion: Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading pathogen in our country as it's in the world. Since serogroups of isolated strains differ from region to region, it's important that every country should conduct regular surveillance in order to utilize an effective vaccine for prevention and outbreak management against this infection.

Objective: To identify epidemic and other transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, genotypic analyses are required. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of P. aeruginosa strains within the Turkish pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic population. Methods: Eighteen patients attending the pediatric CF clinic of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty were investigated in the study. Throat swab and/or sputum samples were taken from each patient at 3-month intervals. The isolates of patients were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The intra- and interpatient genotypic heterogeneity of isolates was examined to determine the clonal isolates of P. aeruginosa within the cohort. Results: A total of 108 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from 18 patients between May 2013 and May 2014. The pulsotypes of the first patient’s isolates could not be obtained by PFGE. From the remaining 17 patients and 101 isolates, 55 distinct pulsotypes were detected. The number of pulsotypes observed in more than one patient (minor clonal strains, cluster strains) was 8 (14.5%), and one of them colonized three patients. However, none of them was detected in more than three patients. These pulsotypes were composed of 20 isolates. In addition, with the PFGE analysis of 81 isolates, we detected 47 (85.6%) pulsotypes, which belonged to only one patient. Over different periods of this study, only 2 (11.8%) patients were colonized with the same pulsotype. Conclusion: Our study indicates that there was considerable genomic diversity among the P. aeruginosa isolates in our clinic. The presence of shared pulsotypes supports cross-transmission between patients.

Pantoea türleri Enterobacteriaceae ailesinde yer alan gram-negatif basillerdir. Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde nadir bir sepsis etkeni olarak tanımlanmışlar ve genellikle katater ile veya kontamine parenteral sıvılarla ilişkili bulunmuşlardır. Bu yazıda, erken sepsis etkeni olarak Pantoea agglomerans ile enfekte olan preterm bir yenidoğan olgusu sunulacaktır. Pantoea agglomerans'ın nadir bir erken yenidoğan sepsis etkeni olabileceğine ve iyi bir prognoza sahip olduğuna dikkat çekmek istenmiştir.

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