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Introduction: The prevalence, public health impact, and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) are poorly understood in Brazil. Methods: Serum samples from 535 individuals from three rural Afro-descendant communities located in eastern Brazilian Amazon were collected in October 2015 and tested for presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies. Serologically positive samples were also tested for HEV-RNA. Results: Two cases were confirmed for anti-HEV IgM (0.3 %) and two cases for anti-HEV IgG (0.3 %). No sample was positive for HEV-RNA. Conclusions: Results indicated low prevalence of HEV infection in Afro-descendant rural communities from the eastern Brazilian Amazon.

RESUMOOBJETIVO: Avaliar a soroprevalência das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) e a resposta imune para o VHB em servidores da Polícia Rodoviária Federal do estado do Pará, Brasil. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório quantitativo, enfocando a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, desenvolvido entre novembro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014, com 221 servidores, entre policiais e auxiliares administrativos. Os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para realização dos testes sorológicos HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-VHC, por técnicas imunoenzimáticas. RESULTADOS: Dos servidores examinados, houve frequência de 90,0% para o sexo masculino, prevalecendo a faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos (33,5%). Constatou-se a ausência de indivíduos reagentes para HBsAg e anti-VHC, prevalência de 8,1% para anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, de 9,5% para anti-HBc+ isolado e de 42,1% para anti-HBs+ isolado. CONCLUSÃO: A detecção de marcadores de infecção pregressa do VHB na amostra indicou a circulação do vírus, e o elevado número de suscetíveis encontrado pode proporcionar o surgimento de novos infectados e/ou portadores do VHB. A ausência de circulação do VHC entre esses trabalhadores sugere que ações de prevenção e promoção à saúde devem ser desenvolvidas para o controle da infecção nessa população.Palavras-chave: Estudo Soroepidemiológico; Vírus da Hepatite B; Vírus da Hepatite C; Polícia; Cobertura Vacinal. ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLEABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections and the immune response to HBV in Federal Highway Police workers from Pará State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive exploratory quantitative study focusing on worker health surveillance, conducted from November 2013 to December 2014, including 221 employees, policemen and administrative assistants. Blood samples were collected from the participants for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV serological tests by immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS: Of the examined workers, the higher frequency for sex was male (90.0%) and age prevalence was 41-50 years (33.5%). It was not found individuals reactive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The study showed prevalence of 8.1% for anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, 9.5% for isolated anti-HBc+, and 42.1% for isolated anti-HBs+. CONCLUSION: The detection of markers of past HBV infection in the samples indicated the circulation of this virus, and the high number of susceptible individuals found may lead to the emergence of new HBV infected individuals and/or carriers. The absence of HCV circulation among those workers suggests that prevention and health promotion actions should be developed to control the infection in this population.

Objetivo: Avaliar a cobertura da vacina contra hepatite B e a frequência da infecção em comunicantes de portadores do Vírus da Hepatite B vinte anos após a implementação da vacina na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo quantitativo, desenvolvido entre 2016 e 2018. Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares aos portadores do vírus, notificados por meio da busca de comunicantes, com orientações sobre a pesquisa, preenchimento e assinatura de formulários, coleta de amostras para testes sorológicos de hepatite B (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs) por técnica imunoenzimática. Resultados: Na população analisada 53,5% são do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 9,4 anos (entre 4 meses a 19 anos com mediana de 10 anos). Não foram detectados portadores de HBsAg reagente; anti-HBc isolado total foi detectado em 2,1%; 4,2% eram anti-HBc total / anti-HBs reagente e 42% anti-HBs isolado, atribuídos à vacinação; 41,7% receberam esquema vacinal completo e 58,3% eram suscetíveis. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados podem ser utilizados como norteadores de ações estratégicas visando ampliar a cobertura vacinal e reduzir a prevalência de infectados na população de comunicantes intradomiciliares.Descritores: Estudo soroepidemiológico; Hepatite B; Contato; Vacina. House hold contagion and vaccination status among communicants of hepatitis B virus carriersObjective: To evaluate the coverage of the hepatitis B vaccine and the frequency of infection in communicants of Hepatitis B virus carriers twenty years after the vaccine was implemented in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. Method: Quantitative descriptive study developed between 2016 and 2018. Home visits were carried out to the carriers of the virus notified through the search for communicants, with guiding on research, filling and signing forms, collecting samples for serological tests for Hepatitis B (HBsAg, total anti - HBc, anti - HBs) by immunoenzymatic technique. Results: In the population analyzed 53.5% are male, with a mean age of 9.4 years (ranging from 4 months to 19 years and median of 10 years). Carriers HBsAg reagent were not detected; total anti - HBc isolated was detected in 2.1%; 4.2% were total anti - HBc / anti - HBs reagent and 42% anti - HBs alone, attributed to vaccination; 41.7% received a complete vaccination schedule and 58.3% were susceptible. Conclusions:The results found can be used as guidelines for strategic actions aimed at expanding vaccine coverage and reducing the prevalence of infected people in the population of household communicators.Descriptors: Serumepidemiology study Hepatitis B; Contact; Vaccine. Contagio intradomiciliar y estado de vacunación entre contactos de portadores del virus de hepatitis BObjetivo: Evaluarla cobertura de la vacuna contra lahepatitis B y lafrecuencia de infecciónen portadores delVirus de laHepatitis Bveinteañosdespués de laimplementación de lavacuna enlaciudad de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Método: Estudiodescriptivocuantitativo realizado entre 2016 y 2018. Fueron realizadas visitas domiciliarias a los portadores del vírus, notificados a través de labúsqueda de domiciliares, conorientaciones sobre lainvestigación, registro y asignatura de formularios, toma de muestras de sangre para pruebas serológicas de Hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs) por la técnica inmunoenzimática. Resultados: Enlapoblaciónanalizada 53,5% del sexo masculino, conedadpromedio de 9,4 años (entre 4 meses a 19 añoscon mediana de 10 años) no fueron detectados portadores de HBsAgreactivo; el total de anti-HBcfué detectado en 2,1%; 4,2% anti-HBc total/anti-HBs reactivo, y, 42% anti-HBs aislado, atribuido a lavacunación; 41,7% recibieronel esquema completo de vacunación y 58,3% fueronsusceptibles. Conclusiones: Los resultados encontrados puedenusarse como pautas para acciones estratégicas dirigidas a ampliar la cobertura de vacunación y reducirlaprevalencia de personas infectadas enlapoblación de comunicadores domésticos.Descritores: Estudioseroepidemiologico; Hepatitis B; Contacto; Vacuna.

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RESUMOOBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) em amostras de soro de pacientes diagnosticados como hepatite "não-A e não-B", atendidos em um instituto de pesquisa da Amazônia, entre 1982 e 1988. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal e retrospectiva, incluindo 396 amostras de soro, preservadas a -20 °C e testadas para anticorpos IgG anti-VHC por ELISA. As amostras eram de pacientes de ambos os sexos, variando de 1 mês a 85 anos de idade, oriundos dos municípios de Belém e Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Para amostras anti-VHC reagentes, investigou-se a presença de RNA viral e, nos detectados, procedeu-se sequenciamento e genotipagem. RESULTADOS: Anticorpos anti-VHC foram detectados em 10,9% (43/396) dos soros examinados. O RNA do VHC foi detectado em 55,8% (24/43) dos soros reagentes. Para 33,3% (8/24) dessas amostras, foi possível a distinção dos genótipos 1 (75,0%; 6/8) e 3 (25,0%; 2/8), com a confirmação de dois subtipos (1b e 3a). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das limitações, pelo longo tempo de armazenamento das amostras (três décadas), foi possível detectar e caracterizar o VHC em soros oriundos de biobanco, revelando a circulação de dois genótipos e dois subtipos virais à época: o genótipo 1, detectado na maioria das amostras genotipadas e, na atualidade, exibindo maior resistência a fármacos que os demais genótipos conhecidos; e o genótipo 3, menos frequente na amostra do estudo, associado a maior virulência. A análise permitiu identificar linhagens do VHC, favorecendo estudos futuros para elucidar aspectos evolutivos associados à resistência e à virulência desse patógeno.ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in serum samples from patients diagnosed with "non-A and non-B" hepatitis attended at an Amazonian research institute between 1982 and 1988. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective research including 396 serum samples preserved at -20 °C and tested for anti-HCV IgG antibodies by ELISA. The samples were from patients of both sexes, ranging from 1 month to 85 years old, from Belém and Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil. For reactive anti-HCV samples, the presence of viral RNA was investigated, and sequencing and genotyping were conducted in those detected. RESULTS: Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 10.9% (43/396) of the sera examined. HCV RNA was detected in 55.8% (24/43) of the reagent sera. For 33.3% (8/24) of these samples, it was possible to distinguish genotypes 1 (75.0%; 6/8) and 3 (25.0%; 2/8), with the confirmation of two subtypes (1b and 3a). CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations, due to the long storage time of the samples (three decades), it was possible to detect and characterize HCV in biobank sera, revealing the circulation of two genotypes and two viral subtypes at the time: genotype 1, detected in most genotyped samples and currently exhibiting greater drug resistance than other known genotypes; and genotype 3, less frequent in the study sample, associated with higher virulence. The...

Objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV), even though it is an immunopreventable disease, represents a serious worldwide public health problem. This study evaluated hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the frequency of infection in HBV carrier communicants 20 years after vaccine implementation in the city of Belém, located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.Results The study, developed between 2015 to 2018, included 288 (n = 288) communicants of HBV carriers. The analyzed population was 53.5% male, with a mean age of 9.4 years (ranging 4 months to 19 years old and a median age of 10 years). Among the examined samples, no HBV carriers (HBsAg positive) were detected; total isolated anti-HBc was detected in 2.1%; 4.2% were anti-HBc total/anti-HBs and 42% anti-HBs isolated, attributed to vaccination; 41.7% received a complete vaccination schedule (three/four doses) and 58.3% were susceptible to HBV. Although the research did not detect HBV in the studied population, there was presence of infection and a significant number of susceptible individuals.