A three-dimensional numerical model of ANSYS, Fluent (2011) was employed for studying mid to high discharge supercritical two-phase flow over a single slope spillway with a single step for aeration of the flow. In this study 18 simulations were conducted using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for air-water interface tracking and simple k-ɛ model for turbulence closure. Submerged circular shaped pipes located at the bottom of the step were utilized as aerators. Analyses concentrate on the air-entrainment phenomenon and jet-length of the flow from the step to the re-attachment point. The variables considered in the study are discharge, aerator size, different aerator arrangements, Froude number of the flow, presence of a ramp before the step and its angle. Observed jet-length values in this study were compared with two sets of empirical formulae from literature for code validation. Cross-sectional average of air concentration due to bottom aeration was determined in the streamwise direction downstream of the re-attachment of the jet. The air concentration is observed to follow a logarithmic decay in the flow direction within the de-aeration zone.
Periosteal chondroma is a rare, benign, slowly growing cartilaginous tumors. They are found in long and tubular bones, mostly. It occurs in second and third decades of life. Rib is an rare location to found periosteal chondroma. We demonstrates a case report of periosteal chondroma founded in the rib that belongs 44-year-old man. We also examine isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1) mutation of this unusually located periosteal chondroma immunohistochemically and IDH-1 mutation was determined as negative. This article is aimed to present 44 years old man's periosteal chondroma developed at rib that is an unusual location and age for periosteal chondromas.
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is defined as non-functional tissue within lung, has separate arterial supply from lung itself and does not have any communication with tracheobronchial tree. Pulmonary sequestration is divided into two types which are intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS) and extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS). Pulmonary sequestration is rare congenital malformation of lungs which is composed of 0.15 to 6.4% of all congenital lung malformation. Pulmonary sequestration is commonly located in the left lobes and its incidence, especially the incidence of ILS, in pediatric population is higher than the adult population. Diagnosis of intralobar pulmonary sequestration which is in the right lower lobe at the third decades of life is a rare situation. We present a case of 37 years old man diagnosed with ILS located in the right lower lobe which has its own arterial supply directly from descending aorta. This rare case was treated with right lower lobectomy just after the coil embolization of its arterial supply with the help of interventional radiology.
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