Leaders should motivate and inspire employees at the same time mitigating their discrepancies and creating synergy for the organizational goals. On the other hand, bosses and employees come and go but the negative effects of the destructive-toxic leadership will still remain in the organization. Destructive leadership might be regarded as positive if the organization is observed and evaluated as peaceful when all the works done in the nick of time, associated with the rules and the regulations of the organization. However, if the individuals reach a consensus that they are mistreated at workplace, they begin to sit on pins and needles and feel themselves unsecure and stressed. When the employees realize that they experience unacceptable, unfair and uncivil behaviors from the leaders or coworkers, then they feel worthless and disrespected, and begin to think about leaving and it leads to employee turnover. So, such negative outcomes may cause huge hidden costs like the organization will lose its reputation and its business contacts because of the leaving, offended employees. In this conceptual study, toxic, destructive leadership will be identified in detail through a literature overview and its consequences and countermeasures will be explained and major solutions will be offered.
There are numerous studies about the benefits of workplace friendship in organizations. Therefore, it may be assumed that well-established friendships in organizations promote effective information sharing, communication skills, increase teamwork and workplace morale among employees at work. Additionally, workplace friendships have positive effects for the organizations such as lower turnover rates, employee burnout and lower levels of intention to leave. On the other hand, just like experiencing the hedgehog's dilemma, higher levels of workplace friendship or intimacy among group of individuals in organizations may lead to negative consequences such as the supervisor/subordinate friendship may raise the anger or feelings of unfair treatment by other individuals or may lead to untrue performance assessments. Besides, workplace friendships may cause failures to report misfits and counterproductive work behaviors accurately in the organizations. So, workflow might deteriorate and it may lead to conflicts in teamwork in organizations. In sum, in this conceptual paper, workplace friendship will be focused on and the advantages and the disadvantages of it will be outlined. Then, in the conclusion section, the recommendations will be made about how to reduce the negative effects of workplace friendships in organizations.
This study focuses on how employees' perceptions of organizational politics affect the perception of workplace friendship. So, an applied research was carried out on 524 employees working at Karabuk University, Teaching and Research Hospital. Hypotheses generated were tested by path analysis under structural equation modeling. In sum, it has been determined that "general political behaviors" have a positive effect on workplace friendship and on the other hand "pay and promotion policies" have a negative effect on workplace friendship. Nevertheless, it has been found that there is no significant effect of the "go along to get ahead behavior" on workplace friendship.
The destructive aspects of leadership and how dysfunctional leaders can jeopardize an organization's culture and values have been a trend topic in business management recently. The personality traits that are associated with leader failure mainly come with the Dark Triad traits: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Narcissism covers some attitudes and behaviors such as an admiration for oneself, self-love, extreme selfishness, arrogance, grandiosity and superiority upon others. As narcissism is described as one of the undesired personality traits, unhealthy conditions and destructive consequences can easily be occurred when the narcissistic leaders get authorization and come into action in organizations. It's clear that narcissistic leaders are only interested in him/herself and they usually think that the world is revolving on the axis of "self" and without their leadership, the organization cannot reach its full potential and disappear in the end. In this conceptual paper, narcissism and narcissistic leaders will be identified and their tactics will be revealed in detail. Then, the common attitudes and behaviors they engage in and reflect others will be outlined and in the conclusion section, the precautions that can be taken to prevent form narcissistic leaders and the ways to reduce their negative effects on employee work behaviors in organizations will be listed and recommendations will be made thoroughly.
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