The realization of center and chiral symmetries in N = 1 super Yang-Mills theory (SYM) is investigated on a four-dimensional Euclidean lattice by means of Monte Carlo methods. At zero temperature this theory is expected to confine external fundamental charges and to have a non-vanishing gaugino condensate, which breaks the non-anomalous Z 2Nc chiral symmetry. In previous studies at finite temperatures, the phase transitions corresponding to deconfinement and chiral restoration were observed to occur at roughly the same critical temperature for SU(2) gauge group. We find further evidences for this observation from new measurements at smaller lattice spacings using the fermion gradient flow, and we discuss the agreement of our findings with conjectures from superstring theory. The implementation of the gradient flow technique allows us also to estimate, for the first time, the condensate at zero temperatures and zero gaugino mass with Wilson fermions.
Composite operators of bare fermion fields evolved along a trajectory on field space by means of flow equations are multiplicatively renormalized. Therefore, even in the case of Wilson fermions, the renormalization of expectation values of fermion operators can be drastically simplified on the lattice. We measure the gluino condensate in N =1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at non-zero temperatures by means of the gradient flow. The non-vanishing expectation value of the gluino condensate up to a certain critical temperature is a signal of chiral symmetry breaking, in agreement with theoretical conjectures on the vacuum structure of the theory. Furthermore, the deconfinement phase transition seems to occur close to this critical temperature, meaning that in N =1 SYM the phases of broken chiral symmetry and of confinement would coincide.
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