Abstract. Due to their inconspicuous behaviour and colouration, it
has been assumed that titi monkeys' main anti-predator behaviour is passive
crypsis and hiding. So far, active predator mobbing has been documented only
for black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons. Here we report for the first time mobbing
behaviour of red titi monkeys, Plecturocebus cupreus (previously Callicebus cupreus), as reaction to an ocelot
(Leopardus pardalis) and a Boa constrictor. We also report other active anti-predator behaviours, such as
alarm calling and approaching, as reactions to tayras (Eira barbara) and raptors. Our
observations provide additional evidence for sex differences in anti-predator
behaviour, possibly related to the evolution and maintenance of social
monogamy.
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