We examine Mexico City’s urban structure through a composite index by combining two previously existing metrics: one derived from the Urban Network Analysis tool (UNA), recently published by MIT researchers, and the other, using an Entropy Index, which in essence, represents the mixed land-use degree. The proposed composite index embodies a different approach from previous methods reported in the literature because it uses disaggregated data at the unit level, performs weighted cluster calculations through a network data set, and incorporates a mixed land-use metric. This method was developed in order to test if the urban arrangement showed signs of a polycentric condition under a particular centrality standpoint. We observed that Mexico City has a relatively weak polycentric urban condition.
RESUMEN Objetivo Proponer un índice de seguridad de cruces peatonales (ISCP) sobre vialidades primarias en Ciudad de México para calificar los cruceros peatonales semaforizados, y contrastar el ISCP con hechos de tránsito para probar, en forma empírica, si hay alguna asociación entre la calidad de los cruceros y la siniestralidad. Métodos Identificación de los criterios del índice mediante una revisión del estado del arte, ponderación de los criterios para generar el ISCP mediante el método de análisis multicriterio, diseño de una muestra aleatoria estratificada de cruces peatonales (n = 490) y su evaluación. Resultados Relativo a la evaluación de los cruceros mediante el ISCP, destaca que 91,3% de los cruces evaluados en Ciudad de México no cuentan con las condiciones óptimas para resguardar la seguridad de los peatones, con el macrocriterio “Accesibilidad” como el peor calificado. En lo referente al modelaje, resalta que tanto la mezcla de usos del suelo como la distancia de cruce son las variables explicativas más importantes para predecir hechos de tránsito. Conclusiones El análisis mostró con relativo éxito la relación entre algunas de las variables (criterios) que conforman el ISCP con los hechos de tránsito. En muchos casos, esto muestra coherencia teórica. En otros, abre preguntas de investigación.
From the processing of high- and low-resolution satellite images (Landsat and Modis), the development of bivariate correlations between daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures, and 27 metrics associated with urban structure and location, this work has analyzed the intensity of the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island manifested in Mexico City in one of the warmest months of the year 2018 to identify the most vulnerable areas to this phenomenon and their urban structure characteristics. Thus, the highest temperatures are found at a shorter distance from the inner city, as the most consolidated area. The population aged 65 or over, which is the most vulnerable to health problems associated with high temperatures and body thermoregulation, is located in areas of the city where the highest night temperatures are concentrated. Likewise, to a lesser extent, there is a direct correlation between high temperatures and areas with higher housing density, a greater surface area of paved streets, and a greater concentration of economic units per hectare. On the contrary, the zones with the lowest temperatures identified within the City were located in areas with the greatest heights above sea level, on steeper slopes, and with a greater surface of open areas. Likewise, the population aged 0 to 14 years, also identified within the range of vulnerability to high temperatures, is located mainly in areas with moderate and/or low temperatures. On the other hand, to identify the diurnal and nocturnal thermal variations, both in artificial and natural cover soil and their land use, thermal profiles were generated with measurements at every 1000 meters. This has allowed it to observe more pronounced thermal oscillations during the day, with the highest temperatures in the cultivation areas, residential land, and mixed-use. On the contrary, night temperatures stabilize and manifest the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island in which it is shown that the highest temperatures are concentrated in the densest area of the city (Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc and Alcaldía Benito Juárez), which have stored a greater amount of heat due to the characteristics of the materials and composition of the urban environment, and the areas with a natural cover go down due to the ease of dissipating heat.
Se plantea la generación de un marco metodológico que permita la ulterior creación de políticas públicas que posibilite la reducción de la generación de viajes no laborales en automóvil dentro de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. El análisis de resultados obtenidos a través de modelos de regresiones lineales que definen el comportamiento del viaje en función de variables independientes socio-demográficas y de estructura urbana, será la base de la que se desprendan dichas políticas. We propose the creation of a methodological framework that allows the further evelopment of public policies to reduce the generation of non-work trips by car with in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. The analys is results obtained through linear regression models that define the behavior of the trip in terms of socio-demographic variables and independent urban structure will be the basis of such policies.
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