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We showed that early features including infant sleep characteristics influence IQ scores at 36 months old. Some of these may be accessible to prevention.

Background. Few studies on the relationship between sleep quantity and/or quality and cognition have been conducted among preschoolers from the healthy general population. We aimed at identifying, among 3-year-old children, early polysomnography (PSG) sleep factors associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) estimated using the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale Intelligence-III test (WPPSI-III) and its indicators: full-scale (FISQ), verbal (VIQ), and performance (PIQ) intelligence quotients. Methods. We included full-term children from the French birth-cohort AuBE with both PSG recording at term (M0) or 6 months (M6) and available WPPSI-III scores at 3 years. Sleep and arousal characteristics of these infants were evaluated during day and night sleep periods. Relationships between IQ scores and sleep parameters were estimated using models with child as repeated effect adjusted for time (night/day), maturation (M0/M6), tobacco exposure (yes/no), anxiety depressive scores during pregnancy, maternal age, duration of breastfeeding and child gender. Results. A total of 118 PSG recordings were included, representing a total 78 unique children (38 with one PSG and 40 with 2 PSG). No correlations were found between night and day sleep durations at M0 or M6. Mean VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores were within normal ranges. In multivariate models, longer sleep duration, higher sleep efficiency during day were negatively associated with all IQ scores. More frequent arousals during night were associated with lower VIQ scores. Conclusion. Early sleep characteristics such as night sleep fragmentation or longer naps could be associated with impaired cognitive function at 3 years of age.

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