Housing shortage after urban disasters is often approached by governments and humanitarian organisations by building prefabricated houses that, during the transition between emergency and reconstruction, materialize the paradox of the permanency of a temporary situation. The events that followed the 2016-2017 seismic crisis in Central Italy do not seem to be an exception: in absence of permanent houses, the displaced people have been accommodated in S.A.E. (housing emergency solutions) within temporary villages of heterogeneous social, spatial and environmental qualities. With the aim to explore and improve way-finding in the disaster-impacted settlements as well as accessibility and sociability of the temporary sites' public open spaces, this paper proposes a human-centred design research approach in performance-based housing recovery planning and design decision-making, combining principles and methods from Space Syntax and Public Life Studies. This research demonstrates how to coordinate different digital analysis and design tools by illustrating their application in an urban regeneration project for Borgo1, a temporary housing settlement in the municipality of Arquata del Tronto. Specifically, the paper shows how a multi-scale and multidimensional study of the site allowed identifying the ideal location for a new public square and subsequently guided the design process towards the initial design goals' achievement.
Featured Application: For optimizing the conservation planning and considerations for efficient refurbishment of early twentieth century public Buildings in the UK.Abstract: Awareness of the logic and context of original (and subsequent) design priorities is critical to informing decisions relating to valorisation, repair, refurbishment, energy retrofit or re-use of built heritage. A key benefit of collating data through Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) should be to assist others facing similar challenges. Here, examples for sharing understanding of how components belong to a system are outlined in the context of a newly completed dataset of public library buildings in the UK funded by Andrew Carnegie, predominantly built between 1900 and 1914. Demands for the functionality and economy of public library buildings, coupled with the emergent standardisation of building components at the time, provide a specific condition with potential for further iteration to other buildings of the period or related typologies. The work highlights the urgency of providing cost-efficient knowledge sharing structures in an era of altered priorities with respect to energy use for modern heritage. We propose the means for mapping common features to network knowledge amongst stakeholders through relevant open source pathways. The results demonstrate that integrating geographic approaches to knowledge sharing in HBIM with environmental considerations also supports wider questions of risk management related to the stewardship of historic buildings in the context of climate change.
This paper advocates a performance-based approach to the planning of temporary housing sites after sudden urban disasters. A “functionally graded” configurational analysis method is used to assess, quantitatively and qualitatively, the socio-spatial impact of government-led housing assistance provision across the regional, urban and neighbourhood scales. To highlight the different outcomes achieved in different urban contexts by apparently similar housing recovery plans, a diachronic comparative study of four epicentral historic towns hit by the 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquakes is performed. The research analyses the configurational properties of these settlements at four critical points in time: before the disaster; right after it (emergency phase); during disaster recovery; after the reconstruction is completed. This paper builds on previous research on rapid urban modelling and economic spatial analysis workflows to respond to potential implementation challenges, which include time constraints and geo-data availability issues after disasters. By using a real case scenario, this study seeks to demonstrate the potential benefits of adopting the proposed multidimensional spatial analysis method to foster the delivery of integrated housing recovery solutions, which contribute to sustainable urban development These encompass informing, timely updating, and coordinating strategic, management, and operational decisions related to the design and planning of temporary housing sites.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel approach to inform heritage conservation based on the effective integration of documentation-based research with advanced survey methods for the creation of a sharable historic building information modelling (HBIM) objects database, specifically oriented to the study of Carnegie libraries whose designs in the USA and the UK were somewhat systematised by early principles of standardisation. The aim is to generate an exemplar developing new methodologies for the salvage, re-use and re-invigoration of shared inherited public buildings which have many common and standardized features.Design/methodology/approach -This project will also involve the collaboration of conservation practice and digital recording together with library history. Digital laser scanning and structure from motion will be used together with archival documents to accurately build an information-rich framework for CAD and building information modelling applications.Findings -By providing the base elements for the semi-automatic generation of a wide variety of morphological typologies and construction elements, this work ultimately promotes a shift towards the implementation of HBIM to support the conservation, maintenance and management of a high number of insufficiently protected public buildings from the turn of the last century. Originality/value -The intention is that the resulting multidimensional parametric object library will provide suitable support for the faster generation of enriched 3D historic models and ultimately support the preservation of a large proportion of the huge but threatened public library building heritage in the UK and USA.
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