The evaluation of seed physiological quality is fundamental to the success of the agricultural production system. Methods that enable rapid evaluation of seed physiological quality are of great interest in the quality control of producing companies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of potassium leaching test in the evaluation of the wheat seed physiological quality, seeking compared to other methods to differentiate physiological quality of seed lots. A completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. Five wheat seed lots of the cultivar BRS 331 were submitted to germination test (8 days), first count of germination test (four days), low temperature germination test (5 °C/7 days), accelerated aging test (43 °C/48 h) in distilled water (100% RH), electrical conductivity test (50 seeds into 50 mL of water; at 25 °C for 24 h), potassium leaching (50 seeds into 75 mL of water; at 25 °C for 2 h), and seed water content. The evaluation of seed physiological quality by the accelerated aging test and potassium leaching test were the methods most appropriate to separate of wheat seed lots in different classes of physiological potential.
A seleção de cultivares de algodoeiro com maior tolerância ao estresse salino pode melhorar a emergência das plantas e garantir a adequada uniformidade de estande. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a tolerância à salinidade de cultivares de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) durante a fase inicial de crescimento das plântulas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis cultivares de algodão (FM 910, FM 980 GLT, TMG 42 WS, TMG 82 WS, DP 1240 B2RR e DP 1228 B2R) e por cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação [0,0; 2,5; 5,0, 10,0 e 20,0 dS m–1]. Os cultivares de algodão DP 1228 B2RF e DP 1240 B2RR apresentaram os melhores índices de emergência das plântulas até o nível de salinidade de 10,0 dS m–1, sugerindo que estes cultivares são moderadamente tolerantes ao estresse salino durante a fase de germinação das sementes; todavia, o crescimento inicial desses cultivares foram afetados negativamente a partir da condutividade elétrica de 2,5 e 5,0 dS m–1, respectivamente. Os cultivares de algodão FM 910, FM 980 GLT e TMG 42 WS são mais susceptíveis aos efeitos negativos do estresse salino por apresentarem os menores índices de emergência e menor taxa de crescimento das plântulas. Altas concentrações de salinidade (20,0 dS m–1) inibem completamente o processo de germinação de todos os cultivares estudados.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major crop worldwide and the tuber yield of currently used cultivars is strongly reduced at high soil salt levels. The effects of salt stress on early sprout growth of potato plants were investigated using the cultivar Ágata. Potato seed minitubers were planted in 0.4 L pots filled with commercial substrate (Bioplant®), and maintained under greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications was used. Three days after sprouting, potato plants were exposed to five salinity levels [0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol L–1 of NaCl] for 28 days. Results showed that the exposure of plants to 100 mmol L–1 NaCl reduced the shoot height (72%), shoot dry matter (76%) and root dry matter (75%) of potato plants compared to the NaCl-free control. The length of longest roots was not affected by salinity levels, indicating that inhibition of shoot growth is more severe that of the root. The exposure to high salt concentrations severely restricted the early sprout growth of potato plants. Results of this study stated that salt-stress is a constraint on potato production, and the use of cultivars tolerant to salt stress can be a strategy to achieve high levels of potato tuber yield under salinity conditions.
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