This work investigates the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of a model component (anisole) of lignocellulose biomass over Mo‐ and V‐promoted Ni deposited on titania support. The physico‐chemical properties of each material were elucidated, and reactions were studied over a wide range of temperatures to enable examination of kinetic parameters. Crystallite sizes were estimated and were corroborated strongly by the transmission electron microscopy results. The presence of Ni, Ti, Mo, and V species was confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significant HDO activity for both the catalysts could be attributed to high dispersions of metals and acidic sites, which were affected by the interaction between Ni metal and the titania support. The higher activity of Ni‐Mo/TiO2 may have resulted from the high Ni/Ti surface atomic ratio, which was confirmed by XPS. The major product of the anisole HDO reactions was phenol. Interestingly, a considerable amount of benzene and cyclohexane was also noticed in the anisole HDO reaction. The overall activation energy values for anisole reactions over Ni‐Mo/TiO2 and Ni‐V/TiO2 were 80.9 kJ/mol and 53.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
As refinarias de petróleo apresentam uma grande importância no mercado mundial e tem como função realizar o refino de óleo cru extraído do solo, transformando-o em diversos subprodutos derivados tais como gasolina, querosene, GLP e óleo diesel. Para certas etapas do procedimento de refino, a água é um importante recurso na purificação desses produtos. No entanto, após sua utilização, a água contaminada por resíduos tóxicos, chamada de “água ácida” numa tradução livre do inglês sour water, necessita de tratamento para descarte no meio ambiente ou para ser reutilizada no processo de refino. Para evitar riscos ambientais e industriais relacionados à sua contaminação, as refinarias buscam solucionar esse problema, que é analisado de várias maneiras. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar duas alternativas de tratamento da água ácida: tratamento por esgotamento a vapor e separação por osmose reversa. Foi utilizado o software ASPEN PLUSÒ para modelagem e análise dos processos. A modelagem incluiu a caracterização da água ácida e a escolha do modelo termodinâmico adequado à representação do equilíbrio de fases e demais propriedades físico-químicas necessárias. Os resultados confirmam que o processo de tratamento da água ácida por esgotamento é o mais adequado.Petroleum refineries have a large importance in world business. Their main function is to refine crude oil, converting it to several products such as gasoline, diesel oil, LPG and fuel oil. In refinery operations, water is an important source of purification of the crude oil. However, after being used the water becomes contaminated by toxic residues that are dangerous to the environment if disposed incorrectly. Another option is purifying the water so that can be used again in other refining operation. For this alternative the contaminated water is referred as ‘’sour water’’. To avoid environmental and industrial risks related to its use, the refineries seek for a solution to their problem by applying the effluent treatment. In this scenario, the industries use modeling software to evaluate the benefit to cost ratio for the treatment of sour water. Lastly, this work has the objective of evaluating and comparing alternative processes such as stripping and membrane treatment, by formulating mathematical models that are going to be simulated by software used by Chemical Engineers, called ASPEN PLUSÒ , and an analysis of its preliminary cost.
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