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The connection between the gastrointestinal system (GI) and the central nervous system (CNS), together with the performance of the enteric nervous system (ENS), forms a complex communication network called the “gut-brain axis”. Scientific evidence indicates that the gut microbiota coordinates a multitude of bodily functions, closely linked to the immune, metabolic and nervous systems. In this context, any alteration that occurs in the “gut-brain axis” will result in damage to the homeostasis of the systems, because a dysfunction of the intestine-brain axis can lead to a dynamic impairment of the action of the protective barriers of the intestinal walls. Through directional gut-brain communication, the changes detected in the gastrointestinal tract affect the neurochemical transformations that occur in the CNS. The recognition of the relationship of neural aspects to the dynamics of the human microbiome contributes to the emergence of physiological imbalances that can contribute to the worsening of a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders, with emphasis in the literature on anxiety disorders, depression, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present literature review aims to verify the function and impact of the gut-brain axis in mood disorders, aiming to identify and strengthen evidence that the brain and gut have a strong and intimate connection responsible for the modulation of neurons, neurotransmitters, hormones and immunological mediators.

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A segunda edição do livro "PESQUISAS EM SAÚDE: RELA-TOS, EXPERIÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS" foi organizado com o objetivo de reunir e apresentar resultados de pesquisas e interesses de profissionais e estudantes da saúde e áreas afins de vários lugares do Brasil. Encontramos artigos de revisão, prospecções, estudos de casos e pesquisas experimentais de grande relevância para a literatura científica.Agrademos a Editora Inovar e às equipes envolvidas nesse projeto pelo empenho e confiança.Desejamos a todos uma excelente leitura.

Background: stroke is a highly common neurologic disease, with great mortality and morbidity rates. It is a cerebrovascular condition characterized by a deficiency in the blood supply that should reach the nervous tissue. It can be classified into two types, depending on its etiology: ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, the first one being the most common. The correct diagnosis of this condition is a challenge, especially in cases of confusing conditions, such as stroke mimics (SM). A highly detailed epidemiologic description and previous knowledge of the disease can help to recognize it. In cases of stroke, a quick revascularization treatment is necessary for a good clinical outcome, however, the inadvertent administration of thrombolytics to the patient with SM can cause hemorrhage and death, as well as unnecessary costs. The present study consisted in evaluating the patients admitted in the stroke unit of the Clinical Hospital Complex of the Federal University of Paraná in Brazil, between October 2012 and September 2013, and describing the prevalence, clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment outcomes in the SM cases primarily diagnosed as a stroke. Results: 10 patients (7.1%) of the total number of patients with less than four hours of symptoms onset were considered SM and six were submitted to intravenous thrombolysis. The main clinical presentations were motor symptoms (90%) and dysarthria and sensitive symptoms (60%). Regarding the etiology of the patients with SM, six patients (60%) had functional disorders, one (10%) had Todd paresis, one (10%) exogenous intoxication, one (10%) diabetic ketoacidosis, and one (10%) presented with a clinically isolated syndrome. Conclusions: our results showed that an important percentage of patients admitted to a stroke unit are SM and that a significant part of these SM is subjected to unnecessary thrombolytic procedures. Thus, further studies are necessary and important to develop well-defined guidelines that stratify the risk of SM and evaluate, based on the stratification, the risk-benefit of soliciting imaging methods that can help to distinguish between stroke and SM.