Toxoplasma gondii-a protozoan belonging to the subphylum Apicomplexa (Adl et al., 2012) and family Sarcocystidae-is the causal agent of toxoplasmosis, an important and widespread zoonotic disease. The protozoan life cycle involves domestic and wild felids as definitive hosts and a number of mammals, including humans, as intermediate hosts. Modes of T. gondii transmission to human include (a) ingestion of sporulated oocysts present in contaminated water or food; (b) ingestion of bradyzoite-containing cysts present
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that has great genetic diversity and is prevalent worldwide. In 2018, an outbreak of toxoplasmosis occurred in Santa Maria, Brazil, which was considered the largest outbreak ever described in the world. This paper describes the isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from the placenta of two pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis who had live births and were receiving treatment for toxoplasmosis during the outbreak. For this, placental tissue samples from two patients underwent isolation by mice bioassay, conventional PCR and genotyping using PCR-RFLP with twelve markers. Both samples were positive in isolation in mice. The isolate was lethal to mice, suggesting high virulence. In addition, the samples were positive in conventional PCR and isolates submitted to PCR-RFLP genotyping presented an atypical genotype, which had never been described before. This research contributes to the elucidation of this great outbreak in Brazil.
Resumo O processo de descentralização exerce forte impacto nas finanças dos Municípios de Pequeno Porte (MPP) e estes são o ente mais vulnerável da federação. Objetivou-se analisar os principais problemas e as estratégias de gestão utilizadas pelos MPP para enfrentar as desigualdades decorrentes do processo de descentralização. Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida por meio de grupos operativos com 55 trabalhadores das equipes gestoras de MPP da macrorregião norte do Paraná. Foi realizada análise compreensiva e interpretativa utilizando a Teoria do Jogo Social como referencial teórico. Dentre os problemas, estão a insuficiente capacidade para fazer a gestão dos municípios e para ofertar atenção integral à saúde aos munícipes. A constituição de Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde, a compra de serviços por contratos paralelos com prestadores privados e a adesão a programas do estado e da União são estratégias para o enfrentamento dos problemas, porém estas desencadeiam um intercâmbio de problemas. Para minimizar a vulnerabilidade dos MPP, é preciso fomentar o empoderamento do gestor municipal, implantar processos de escuta dos MPP e de uma cultura de enfrentamento dos problemas de forma coletiva e compartilhada entre os entes federados, para que haja uma gestão interfederativa.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.