Most cervical cancers occur in women who do not participate in cervical-cancer screening. We therefore evaluated adherence to screening for clinic-based Pap testing, self-collected sampling for HPV testing, and choice of the 2 among 483 unscreened/underscreened women in Brazil. Three public Basic Health Units (BHU) were each randomly assigned to three arms: (i) Pap testing at the BHU (N ¼ 160), (ii) "Self&HPV" (self-collection for HPV testing) (N ¼ 161), and (iii) "Choice" between self-collection and HPV testing and Pap test at the local BHU (N ¼ 162). The theory-based (PEN-3 and Health Belief Model) intervention in all three arms was implemented by trained Community Health Workers (CHW) at participants' home. With the first invitation, 60.0% in the Pap arm, 95.1% [154 of 161 (95.7%) who selected Self&HPV and 0 of 1 (0.0%) a Two-sided, Fisher exact test; bolded values highlight statistical significance (P < 0.05). b Among women ages 50 and older. c Women had undergone screening in <4 years were ineligible for the study.Castle et al.

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA virus, classified as a beta coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is expressed in different human tissues (lung, intestine, and kidney) and in the testis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. This suggests a potential risk to the human reproductive tract in COVID-19 patients. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the blood, urine, facial/anal swabs, semen, and vaginal secretion, suggesting other potential means of transmission. However, little has been reported about SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, which may provide direct evidence on sexual transmission and fertility problems. Therefore, we focused this narrative review mainly on the distribution of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, providing an overview of the potential threat of COVID-19 to reproductive health and sexual transmission.

Kidneys are especially irrigated by a pair of arteries originated from the aorta artery. The presence of additional renal arteries is the most frequent variation in this vascularization, an aspect important to be known in renal surgeries and radiological procedures (SAMPAIO; PASSOS, 1992). This study aimed to observe the prevalence of numeric variation and the origin of the additional renal artery. For this purpose, 24 cadavers and 26 blocks were used; each block contained the kidneys and their respective arteries and veins, the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, taken from adults of different ethnicity and genders, from the Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá (DCM/UEM) and Laboratory of Anatomy, Ingá Faculty (UNINGÁ). Among the examined pieces, 45 (forty five) presented single renal arteries and 5 (five) had double renal arteries; 3 (three) had only additional renal artery on the right side, and 1 (one) showed additional renal artery on the left side, and only 1 (one) also showed bilateral additional renal arteries. Variações nas artérias renais humanasRESUMO. Os rins são irrigados, principalmente, por um par de artérias originadas da artéria aorta. A presença de artérias renais adicionais corresponde à variação mais frequente dessa vascularização, sendo ela importante em cirurgias renais e procedimentos radiológicos (SAMPAIO; PASSOS, 1992). Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo observar a prevalência de variação numérica existente e a lateralidade de origem das aa. renais adicionais. Foram utilizados 24 cadáveres dissecados e 26 blocos contendo rins, suas respectivas artérias e veias renais, parte abdominal da aorta e v. cava inferior, retirados de indivíduos adultos de diferentes etnias e sexo, provenientes do Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (DCM/UEM) e Laboratório de Anatomia da Faculdade Ingá (UNINGÁ). Do total de peças analisadas, 45 apresentam apenas aa. renais únicas, cinco apresentam aa. renais duplas. Dessas, três apresentam apenas a. renal adicional direita, uma apresenta apenas a. renal adicional esquerda e uma apresenta aa. renais adicionais bilateralmente.

Keywords► human chorionic gonadotropin ► β subunit ► premature rupture of fetal membranes ► diagnosis ► obstetrics ► pregnancy complications AbstractPurpose This study aimed to evaluate and validate the qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit (β-hCG) test of the vaginal fluid washings of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM).Methods Cross-sectional study of pregnant women between gestational weeks 24 and 39 who underwent consultations in one of our institutions. They were divided into two groups: group A (pregnant women clinically diagnosed with PROM) and group B (pregnant women without loss of amniotic liquid). The patients were subjected to a vaginal fluid washing with 3 mL of saline solution, which was aspirated subsequently with the same syringe. The solution was immediately sent to the laboratory to perform the vaginal β-hCG test with cut-off points of 10 mIU/mL (β-hCG-10) and/or 25 mIU/mL (β-hCG-25).Results The β-hCG-10 test of the vaginal secretion was performed in 128 cases. The chi-squared test with Yates' correction showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p ¼ 0.0225). The sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy parameters were 77.1%, 43.6%, 52.3%; 70.4%; and 58.6% respectively. The β-hCG-25 test of the vaginal washing

ObjectiveCervical cancer is one of the deadliest cancers among women in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC), where most of the countries have not been successful in implementing population-level cytology-based screening programs. An increasing body of evidence supports the validity of self-sampling as an alternative to clinician collection for primary Human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. Therefore, this work aims to summarize recent HPV self-sampling approaches in LAC.MethodWe performed a systematic review to identify studies focused on “Self-sampling”, and “Human Papillomavirus DNA test” and “Latin America” in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and SCOPUS databases for publications dating between 01 January 2017 and 15 March 2022 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Additionally, the references of the articles were carefully reviewed.ResultsOf the 97 records selected, 20 studies including 163,787 participants, with sample sizes for individual studies ranging from 24 to 147,590 were included in this review. Studies were conducted in 10 LAC countries (18.5%), most with upper medium-income economies (70%). The range of age was 18 to ≥65 years. The vast majority of the studies (85%) addressed the HPV self-sampling strategy for primary cervical cancer screening with overall success for all women including under/never screened and those from special populations (rural, indigenous and gender minorities). Women generally found HPV self-sampling highly acceptable regardless of age, setting of collection, target population or country of residence.ConclusionsHPV self-sampling is a promising strategy to overcome the multiple barriers to cervical cancer screening in LAC settings and increasing attendance in underscreened women in countries/territories with well-established screening programs. Furthermore, this strategy is useful even in LAC countries/territories without organized cervical cancer screening and in special populations such as indigenous, rural and transgender women. Therefore, the information generated by the recent initiatives for HPV self-sampling approach in LAC can be beneficial for decision-making in both new and existing programs in the region.