RESUMO:Plantas têm contribuído no tratamento da maioria das doenças. Considerando a importância terapêutica das plantas medicinais, foi avaliada a atividade imunológica dos extratos metanólico e etanólico de Davilla elliptica. Macrófagos estão envolvidos em todos estágios da resposta imune, podendo liberar componentes como: peróxido de hidrogênio (H 2 O 2 ), óxido nítrico (NO) e fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α). A estimulação dos macrófagos foi avaliada pela determinação de H 2 O 2, NO e TNF-α em culturas de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos na presença dos extratos da D. elliptica. IC 50 foi determinado através de ensaio utilizando MTT. Os estudos fi toquímicos realizados mostraram a presença de fl avonóides derivados da quercetina e miricetina entre outros compostos. A produção de H 2 O 2 não foi muito expressiva em ambos extratos, contudo a de NO foi signifi cativa. Os dois extratos induziram a produção de TNF-α, sendo que a liberação dessa citocina pelo extrato metanólico foi quase cinco vezes maior do que pelo extrato etanólico. Uma relação entre as sínteses de NO e TNF-α foi observada. O aumento na produção de NO está relacionado com a indução de citocinas pró-infl amatórias como TNF-α. Analisando os resultados, sugere-se que os extratos metanólico e etanólico de D. elliptica podem modular a ativação de macrófagos.Unitermos: Davilla elliptica, macrófagos, peróxido de hidrogênio, óxido nítrico, fator de necrose tumoral-α.ABSTRACT: "Action of Davilla elliptica St. Hill. (Malpighiaceae) methanolic and ethanolic extracts in the immune response". Plants have contributed in a signifi cant way to the treatment of most of the diseases. Considering the therapeutic importance of the medicinal plants, the immunological activity of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of Davilla elliptica was evaluated. In every stage of the immune response macrophages are involved and they can release many compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Macrophages stimulation was evaluated by the determination of H 2 O 2, NO and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages cultures of mice in the presence of the D. elliptica extracts. IC 50 was determined by MTT assay. The phytochemical study showed fl avonoids derived from quercetin and myricetin and other compounds. The production of H 2 O 2 was not very expressive in both extracts, but they presented a signifi cant effect on NO production. The two extracts induced TNF-α production, although the methanolic liberated almost fi ve times more TNF-α than the ethanolic one. A relationship among the synthesis of NO and TNF-α was observed. The increase of NO production is related with the induction of proinfl ammatory cytokines like TNF-α. Analyzing the results, it is suggested that methanolic and ethanolic extract of D. elliptica can modulate macrophage activation.
The methanolic extract from the barks of the medicinal plant Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) was fractionated by column chromatography over silica gel followed by gel permeation over Sephadex LH-20 to give 3,, and 3,3Ј-di-O-methylellagic acid (4), together with triterpenes and saponins. We also performed comparative analyses among this species and Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The biological assays showed that, when compared to the standard ellagic acid, compounds 1Ð4 are less cytotoxic but have a lower capacity of stimulating murine peritoneal macrophages to release nitric oxide and tumoural-α necrose factor.
de peróxido de hidrogênio e óxido nítrico". Os efeitos dos compostos isolados de líquens brasileiros e seus derivados na produção de NO e H 2 O 2 foram estudados utilizando macrófagos murinos na tentativa de desvendar suas possíveis propriedades imunomodulatórias. A citotoxicidade dos compostos foi estudada utilizando o ensaio de MTT. A estimulação dos macrófagos foi avaliada através da determinação de NO (metodologia de Griess) e H 2 O 2 (peroxidase de raíz forte/vermelho de fenol) no sobrenadante de culturas de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos Swiss. Este estudo demonstrou atividade estimulante de alguns compostos fenólicos e seus derivados na produção de NO e H 2 O 2 . A relação estrutura atividade sugere inúmeras direções sintéticas para futuros melhoramentos da atividade imunológica.Unitermos: líquens, peróxido de hidrogênio, óxido nítrico, macrófagos, compostos fenólicos. ABSTRACT:The effects of isolated compounds from Brazilian lichens and their derivatives on H 2 O 2 and NO production were studied using murine macrophages as a part of an attempt to understand their possible immunomodulatory properties. The compound cytotoxicity was studied using MTT assay. Macrophage stimulation was evaluated by the determination of NO (Griess assay) and H 2 O 2 (horseradish peroxidase/phenol red) in supernatants of peritoneal macrophage cultures of Swiss mice. This research demonstrated stimulatory activities of some phenolic compounds isolated from lichens and their derivatives on H 2 O 2 and NO production. Structure-activity relationships suggest several synthetic directions for further improvement of immunological activity.
The activities of perlatolic acid (1), atranorin (2), and lecanoric acid (3) and their derivatives, such as orsellinates and β-methyl orsellinates obtained by alcoholysis, were assessed for stimulation of the release of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in cultures of peritoneal macrophage cells from mice. The hydrogen peroxide production was estimated by oxidation of phenol red, while the Griess reagent was used to determine the nitric oxide production. 1 and 4-methoxy-ethyl orsellinate (XVII) were the compounds that induced the greatest release of H2O2, whereas n-pentyl orsellinate (IV), iso-propyl orsellinate (V), sec-butyl orsellinate (VI), and XVII induced a small release of NO. These results indicate that lichen products and their derivatives have potential immune-modulating activities
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