The pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) promotes more homogeneous concentration profiles in the product and quality improvement of several fruits. The objective of this work was to study the drying of plums submitted to treatments of plants manure with KCl and PVOD (5'' c.a., 10 min). Experimental planning was done with the following independent variables: doses of KCl (400, 700 and 1000 g ⁄ plant), concentration of sucrose solution (40; 50 and 60 ºBrix) and drying temperature (50, 60 and 70C). The tested variables were: color, shrinkage, visual quality and rehydration. Temperature leads to a skin browning at fruit pulps and lower visual quality. The treatment with KCl leads to final products with lower moisture content. The higher the values of all the independent variables, the lower the shrinkage and the rehydration capacity. Plums submitted to convective drying with previous PVOD promote a new product with good visual quality and satisfactory shrinkage.
In this work, the peels of ripe banana (Musa sp.), variety "Prata", were used to prepare a flour, which was evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. The characterization of its chemical profile was performed by a fast and simple method: paper spray-mass spectrometry. This flour had high carbohydrate content and total dietary fiber, and significant amount of total phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. In addition, this flour exhibited higher water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacities than those of fruit by-products reported in the literature. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, constituents of insoluble dietary fiber. By the paper spray-mass spectrometry technique, it was possible to suggest the presence of 26 substances such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sugars, quinones, and terpenoids. Thus, this study demonstrated that the ripe banana peel flour has potential application as an ingredient for functional foods.
RESUMOA soja é um dos produtos agrícolas de maior importância no Brasil, e segundo maior produtor mundial. A tolerância ao excesso de umidade do solo e da rápida recuperação com o término do alagamento são características desta cultura, porém, a deficiência de oxigênio, causada pelo excesso de água, é um dos fatores determinantes que pode reduzir sua produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o comportamento de três cultivares de soja ao alagamento em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, por meio de análise da produção de massa seca, metabolismo de carboidratos e atividade das enzimas do metabolismo anaeróbio. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras (MG), em 2007. As cultivares BRS 267, BRS 257 e BRS 213 foram submetidas a 15 dias de alagamento, nos estádios V6 e V8 e 11 dias no estádio R4. Os resultados revelaram redução na produção de massa seca nos tratamentos alagados no estádio V8 para a cultivar BRS 267 e no estádio V6 para BRS 257 e BRS 213; esta última foi a mais tolerante ao alagamento, pois obteve o menor decréscimo de massa seca em relação ao controle. O alagamento também induziu aumento nos teores de amido e açúcares solúveis totais nas folhas, assim como maior atividade das enzimas álcool desidrogenase e piruvato descarboxilase para as três cultivares, quando comparadas a seus respectivos controles. Já para a enzima lactato desidrogenase, essa diferença foi menos expressiva. Esses resultados revelam comportamentos distintos comparando as três cultivares.Palavras-chave: Glycine max, hipoxia, teor de carboidratos, enzimas anaeróbicas.
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