BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Brazil. Several risk factors are involved in HBV infection and their identification by a rational and essential approach is required to prevent the transmission of this infection in Brazil.OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors associated with HBV infection in South Brazil.METHODS A total of 260 patients with HBV and 260 controls from Caxias do Sul (state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) participated in this study. All participants were given a standard questionnaire to yield the sociodemographic information and to identify HBV risk factors. HBV infection was detected by HBsAg test in all participants.FINDINGSHBV infection in these cases was strongly associated with history of a family member HBV-infected, mainly mother [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.69–13.91], father (OR = 5.28; 95% CI: 1.58–17.71), and/or siblings (OR = 22.16; 95% CI: 9.39–52.25); sharing personal objects (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.37–2.38); and having history of blood transfusion (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.10–2.84).CONCLUSIONS HBV infection was strongly associated with having a family member infected with hepatitis B, sharing personal objects, and having history of blood transfusion.
Objetivo: revisar estudos acerca de estratégias de educação para a prevenção de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica implantadas em serviços de saúde e sua efetividade. Método: revisão integrativa realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, em cinco bases de dados, através dos seguintes descritores “education AND continuing and pneumonia AND ventilator-associated”. As bases pesquisadas foram: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Por meio da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), foram acessadas as seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de dados de enfermagem (BDENF) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline). Resultados e discussão: foram incluídas 5 publicações referentes ao período entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Dentre as ações educativas destacaram-se workshops, bundle, palestras e curso intensivo de educação. O período de aplicação das ações educativas variou entre 1 e 12 meses. Todos os estudos mostraram melhorias nos resultados após a aplicação das medidas educativas, mas sugerem educação continuada, permanente e auditorias para manter a eficácia das ações. Considerações Finais: as estratégias de educação mostraram-se efetivas na prevenção de PAVM a curto prazo, porém, mostram a necessidade da aplicação de educação permanente e continuada no âmbito hospitalar.
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