This study provides evidence that dairy limits weight gain to a similar extent as exercise training and the combined effects are greater than either intervention alone. While exercise training reduces weight gain through increases in energy expenditure, dairy appears to increase lipid excretion in the feces.

Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique mitochondrial phospholipid that, in skeletal muscle, is enriched with linoleic acid (18:2n6). Together, CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition are critical determinants of mitochondrial function. Skeletal muscle is comprised of slow and fast fibers that have high and low mitochondrial content, respectively. In response to overloading and unloading stimuli, these muscles undergo a fast-to-slow oxidative fiber type shift and a slow-to-fast glycolytic fiber type shift, respectively, with a concomitant change in mitochondrial content. Here, we examined changes in CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition under these conditions along with tafazzin (Taz) protein, which is a transacylase enzyme that generates CL lipids enriched with 18:2n6. Our results show that CL content, CL 18:2n6 composition, and Taz protein content increased with an overload stimulus in plantaris. Conversely, CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition was reduced with an unloaded stimulus in soleus. Interestingly, Taz protein was increased in the unloaded soleus, suggesting that Taz may provide some form of compensation for decreased CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition. Together, this study highlights the dynamic nature of CL and Taz in skeletal muscle, and future studies will examine the physiological significance behind the changes in CL content, CL 18:2n6 and Taz.

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At least 80% of patients with psoriasis will have nail involvement during their lifetimes. Understanding quality of life (QoL) impact of this condition and associated treatments is of utmost importance. Study objectives were to review the available literature describing patient-reported QoL outcomes in nail psoriasis and relationship with disease severity and treatment. A literature search was performed for English-language articles published prior to August 1, 2020. Articles were included in the review if primary data and validated patient-reported outcome measures assessing QoL were presented, and nail involvement was specifically examined. Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. Patients with nail psoriasis had higher Psoriasis Area Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores than those with psoriasis without nail involvement. The largest percent improvement in QoL score was associated with adalimumab. Studies investigating topicals, intralesionals, and systemic treatments were excluded since only biologic studies utilized validated patient-reported outcome measures. This review affirms that nail psoriasis is physically and emotionally distressing, warranting prompt treatment. Increased efforts are needed to address the impact of treatment on patient QoL using validated outcome measures that assess cosmetic, physical, and social problems.