No abstract

No abstract

At the beginning of 3 rd century the humankind finds at a crossroads. Daily, people assist at miracles, live in a time of change, both in economical and rational areas. Energy demand is expected to increase steadily over the next couple of decades, as income levels and economic output expand, especially in the new democratic states after '90 th . Renewable energy resources represent a new opportunity in Romania, with less participation in the market than those forums outside of the country borders, but with developing perspectives in the future. In present in Romania it doesn't exist a very well established renewable resources industry, but only small scale projects or developing pilot projects of some developing institutes or small companies could be mentioned. Energy renewable resources capitalization could contribute to achieve some strategic objectives regarding increasing security of energy supplying by diversifying energy resources and reducing of imports, and for a sustainable developing of energetic sector and environment protection. Renewable energy resources from biomass could be o good solution for heating in rural zones. Biomass potential in Romania is expecting to increase in 2005-2010 trough reforestations with various trees species and short term re-afforestation. In this paper the advantages of using biomass for energetical purposes and the technological level achieved by conversion processes of biomass in energetical products are presented.

White mustard (Sinapis white) is an annual plant of the Cruciferae family originating from the Mediterranean region and is cultivated in Europe and Asia, mainly for its seeds, but also for animal feed or crop rotation. White mustard seed is also an important source of vegetable oil that can be used as fuel. The chemical composition of mustard seed (Sinapis alba) includes glucosinolate (sinalbozida, sinapina free), essential oils, fatty oils (glycerides of oleic acid, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, erucic), phytosterols and polysaccharides. This paper presents the one step modeling extraction process of oil from the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) using hexane as extraction solvent. Starting from the mathematical model describing the oil process extraction from the seeds of white mustard, optimum conditions for maximum efficiency were determined. The optimization process was performed using Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG).