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EMPIRE is a modular system of nuclear reaction codes, comprising various nuclear models, and designed for calculations over a broad range of energies and incident particles. The system can be used for theoretical investigations of nuclear reactions as well as for nuclear data evaluation work. Photons, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, helions ( 3 He), α's, and light or heavy ions can be selected as projectiles. The energy range starts just above the resonance region in the case of a neutron projectile, and extends up to few hundred MeV for heavy ion induced reactions. The code accounts for the major nuclear reaction models, such as optical model, Coupled Channels and DWBA (ECIS06 and OPTMAN), Multi-step Direct (ORION + TRISTAN), NVWY Multi-step Compound, exciton model (PCROSS), hybrid Monte Carlo simulation (DDHMS), and the full featured Hauser-Feshbach model including width fluctuations and the optical model for fission. Heavy ion fusion cross section can be calculated within the simplified coupled channels approach (CCFUS). A comprehensive library of input parameters based on the RIPL-3 library covers nuclear masses, optical model parameters, ground state deformations, discrete levels and decay schemes, level densities, fission barriers, and γ-ray strength functions. Effects of the dynamic deformation of a fast rotating nucleus can be taken into account in the calculations (BARFIT, MOMFIT).The results can be converted into the ENDF-6 format using the accompanying EM-PEND code. Modules of the ENDF Utility Codes and the ENDF Pre-Processing codes are applied for ENDF file verification. The package contains the full EXFOR library of experimental data in computational format C4 that are automatically retrieved during the calculations.EMPIRE contains the resonance module that retrieves data from the electronic version of the Atlas of Neutron Resonances by Mughabghab (not provided with the EMPIRE distribution), to produce resonance section and related covariances for the ENDF-6 formatted files. EMPIRE can be used to determine covariances of the calculated data using either sensitivity matrices along with the KALMAN code or employing Monte Carlo approach to produce model generated covariances. In both cases experimental data can be taken into account, either directly (KALMAN) or by feeding the EMPIRE calculated Monte Carlo modelling covariance as a prior to the least square fitting GANDR system. Publication quality graphs can be obtained using the powerful and flexible plotting package ZVView. Interactive plots with ZVView comparing experimental results with calculations can be produced with ENDVER modules.The backbone of the EMPIRE system are bash-shell UNIX scripts that provide for seamless console operation of EMPIRE on Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows with GNU gfortran compiler installed. Additionally, the graphical interface, provides for an easy operation of the system on Linux, Mac OS X and virtual Linux machines running on Microsoft Windows. was implemented in the HMS-EMPIRE. This version also included combi...

The Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) format was designed in the 1960s to accommodate neutron reaction data to support nuclear engineering applications in power, national security and criticality safety. Over the years, the scope of the format has been extended to handle many other kinds of data including charged particle, decay, atomic, photo-nuclear and thermal neutron scattering. Although ENDF has wide acceptance and support for many data types, its limited support for correlated particle emission, limited numeric precision, and general lack of extensibility mean that the nuclear data community cannot take advantage of many emerging opportunities. More generally, the ENDF format provides an unfriendly environment that makes it difficult for new data evaluators and users to create and access nuclear data.The Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) has begun the design of a new Generalized Nuclear Data (or 'GND') structure, meant to replace older formats with a hierarchy that mirrors the underlying physics, and is aligned with modern coding and database practices.In support of this new structure, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has updated its nuclear data/reactions management package Fudge to handle GND structured nuclear data. Fudge provides tools for converting both the latest ENDF format (ENDF-6) and the LLNL Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL) format to and from GND, as well as for visualizing, modifying and processing (i.e., converting evaluated nuclear data into a form more suitable to transport codes) GND structured nuclear data.GND defines the structure needed for storing nuclear data evaluations and the type of data that needs to be stored. But unlike ENDF and ENDL, GND does not define how the data are to be stored in a file. Currently, Fudge writes the structured GND data to a file using the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), as it is ASCII based and can be viewed with any text editor. XML is a meta-language, meaning that it has a primitive set of definitions for representing hierarchical data/text in a file. Other meta-languages, like HDF5 which stores the data in binary form, can also be used to store GND in a file.In this paper, we will present an overview of the new GND data structures along with associated tools in Fudge.

The deuteron-emission channel in the β-decay of the halo-nucleus 11 Li was measured at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF by implanting post-accelerated 11 Li ions into a segmented silicon detector. The events of interest were identified by correlating the decays of 11 Li with those of the daughter nuclei. This method allowed the energy spectrum of the emitted deuterons to be extracted, free from contributions from other channels, and a precise value for the branching ratio B d = 1.30(13) × 10 −4 to be deduced for Ec.m. > 200 keV. The results provide the first unambiguous experimental evidence that the decay takes place essentially in the halo of 11 Li, and that it proceeds mainly to the 9 Li + d continuum, opening up a new means to study of the halo wave function of 11 Li. The nuclear halo [1] is among the most peculiar features discovered in unstable nuclei. The 11 Li nucleus is the showcase of a two-neutron halo system, with its very extended matter distribution related to the small energy necessary to remove the neutrons, S 2n = 378(5) keV [2]. Considerable effort has been expended to determine the characteristics of this unstable, short-lived nucleus (T 1/2 = 8.5(2) ms [3]). Among the available probes, the β-decay has the advantage of being described by a wellestablished theory, and thus provides a valuable tool for the investigation of the properties of the ground state of the parent nucleus.In the case of 11 Li, one decay channel is of special interest: the β-delayed deuteron emission 11 Li −→ β 9 Li + d. This mode is related to the possibility that in halo nuclei the core and the halo particles could decay, more or less independently, into different channels [4]. Evidence of the β-decay of the 9 Li core in 11 Li with survival of the two-neutron halo was reported in Ref. [5]. On the other hand, according to calculations [6,7,8] the deuteronemission channel should be dominated by the decay of a neutron in the halo: a "halo decay". This may be measured via the 11 Li −→ β 9 Li + d decay probability, or the branching ratio B d . In addition, the β-delayed deuteron decay of 11 Li could proceed directly to the continuum, without forming an intermediate state (resonance) in the daughter nucleus 11 Be. The information on the initial 11 Li wave function would then be more easily accessible. Both B d and the energy distribution of the emitted deuterons are related to this.We report here the first measurement of the relevant quantities, B d and the energy of the emitted 9 Li and