Unequal pandemic, fairer recovery: The COVID-19 impact inquiry report 2 48 5. The experiences of some groups disproportionately affected by the pandemic Some groups have faced disproportionate hardship and poorer health outcomes than others. This section looks at how the pandemic has affected the lives of four groups: care home residents, disabled people, ethnic minority communities and young people. 6. Public perceptions of COVID-19 and health inequalitiesTo inform this inquiry, the Health Foundation worked with consulting company Kantar Public to explore public attitudes to, and experiences of, health inequalities and the pandemic. 7. Recovery: risks and opportunitiesThe pandemic risks casting a long shadow over the nation's future health. This section highlights the main risks and how these might be mitigated. 8. ConclusionsThe conclusions of the inquiry point to the need for action in two main areas. First, immediate action to address the harm caused by the pandemic. Second, supporting longer term change to prevent future deterioration of health. References 79Acknowledgements 91 * Excess deaths measure additional deaths over a time period compared with the number of deaths usually expected. We measure the deaths caused by the pandemic in excess deaths instead of registered COVID-19 deaths due to discrepancies in the way COVID-19 deaths are recorded.Unequal pandemic, fairer recovery: The COVID-19 impact inquiry report 5 Changes to the determinants of health 4 * This information was provided by Nadine Smith who conducted interviews with workers at Changing Lives charity as part of research commissioned by the Health Foundation.
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism moderates the association between exposure to negative life events and depression outcomes. Yet, it is currently unclear whether this moderating effect is applicable to positive life events and if the moderating effect is stable over time. To address these gaps in the literature, we examined clinical and BDNF genotypic data from a 5-year prospective cohort of 310 primary care attendees. Primary care attendees were selected based on existence of depressive symptoms at screening. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually for 5 years post-baseline using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Linear mixed models assessed differences in depressive symptom severity over the 5-year follow-up period by BDNF Val66Met and history of life events, both negative and positive. Analysis identified a novel three-way interaction between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, history of severe childhood abuse, and time. Post hoc analysis stratified by time showed a two-way interaction between Val66Met and severe childhood abuse at baseline that was not detectable at any other time point. An interaction between Val66Met and positive life events was not detected. Our longitudinal results suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the depressive symptom severity experienced by those with a history of severe childhood abuse but does so in a time-dependent manner. Our results further support the notion that gene–environment–depression interactions are dynamic and highlight the importance of longitudinal assessment of these interactions. Given these novel longitudinal findings; replication is required.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.