Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
(MAP) is the causative agent for paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants, a disease clinically very similar to Crohn’s disease in humans. Polymorphisms in the bovine Toll-like receptor genes (
TLR1
,
TLR2
, and
TLR4
) have been shown to affect MAP recognition and host innate immune response and have been associated with increased susceptibility of cattle to paratuberculosis.
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