In this work, we identify and describe a moiety that may be capable of encouraging the formation of polymorphs. Four new N-phenylbenzamide-based compounds have been synthesized yielding four pairs of polymorphs upon recrystallization. The structures of these have been discussed and compared with the previously reported polymorphs of N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)­phenyl]­benzamide. The results indicate that the conformation of the N-phenylbenzamide group is generally constant but is sometimes altered by the crystal packing. The N-phenylbenzamide group is capable of intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding but requires a change in conformation which is generally resisted by the molecule. As a consequence, weak forces such as C–H···O, C–H···N, C–H···π, and π···π interactions play significant but varying roles in these structures. One possible reason for the varying nature of the π···π interactions may be due to the variation of the electrostatic potential across the N-phenylbenzamide group in which negative and positive regions alternate across the face of the molecule. It is the combination of all these attributes that possibly leads to polymorphism being observed in the structures reported here.

The synthesis of a Co(III) corrole, [10-(2-[[4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoyl]amino]phenyl)-5,15-diphenylcorrolato]cobalt(III), DPTC-Co, bearing a tail motif terminating in an imidazole ligand that coordinates Co(III), is described. The corrole therefore places Co(III) in a similar environment to that in aquacobalamin (vitamin B12a, H2OCbl(+)) but with a different equatorial ligand. In coordinating solvents, DPTC-Co is a mixture of five- and six-coordinate species, with a solvent molecule occupying the axial coordination site trans to the proximal imidazole ligand. In an 80:20 MeOH/H2O solution, allowed to age for about 1 h, the predominant species is the six-coordinate aqua species [H2O-DPTC-Co]. It is monomeric at least up to concentrations of 60 μM. The coordinated H2O has a pKa = 9.76(6). Under the same conditions H2OCbl(+) has a pKa = 7.40(2). Equilibrium constants for the substitution of coordinated H2O by exogenous ligands are reported as log K values for neutral N-, P-, and S-donor ligands, and CN(-), NO2(-), N3(-), SCN(-), I(-), and Cys in 80:20 MeOH/H2O solution at low ionic strength. The log K values for [H2O-DPTC-Co] correlate reasonably well with those for H2OCbl(+); therefore, Co(III) displays a similar behavior toward these ligands irrespective of whether the equatorial ligand is a corrole or a corrin. Pyridine is an exception; it is poorly coordinated by H2OCbl(+) because of the sterically hindered coordination site of the corrin. With few exceptions, [H2O-DPTC-Co] has a higher affinity for neutral ligands than H2OCbl(+), but the converse is true for anionic ligands. Density functional theory (DFT) models (BP86/TZVP) show that the Co-ligand bonds tend to be longer in corrin than in corrole complexes, explaining the higher affinity of the latter for neutral ligands. It is argued that the residual charge at the metal center (+2 in corrin, 0 in corrole) increases the affinity of H2OCbl(+) for anionic ligands through an electrostatic attraction. The topological properties of the electron density in the DFT-modeled compounds are used to explore the nature of the bonding between the metal and the ligands.

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The crystal strucure of the title compound, C7H9NO, displays N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which link mol­ecules related by translation along the b axis, and O—H⋯N and further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which link mol­ecules related by the 21 screw axis along the c axis. The resulting combination is a hydrogen-bonded layer of mol­ecules parallel to (011).

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The title compound, C(7)H(13)NO, forms R(2)(2)(8) N-H...O hydrogen-bonded dimers and C4 N-H...O-linked chains, which are further stabilized by a C-H...O interaction. The combination of these interactions results in a hydrogen-bonded network parallel to (100), with a motif that can be described by the secondary graph set R(4)(6)(16). The existence of the same hydrogen-bonding motif in 1-phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide and 1-(2-bromophenyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide [Lemmerer & Michael (2008). CrystEngComm, 10, 95-102 indicates that replacing the H atom on position 1 with a more bulky group does not necessarily disrupt the observed hydrogen-bonding pattern. The presence of a C-H...O interaction to stabilize the R(4)(6)(16) network does, however, seem to be required. In addition, the title compound is isomorphous with a previously published structure of cyclopentanecarboxamide [Winter et al. (1981). Acta Cryst. B37, 2183-2185].

The enanti­omerically pure title compound, C23H30O12, crystallizes in the chiral space group P212121. The O-acetyl­ated-glucopyran­oside moiety adopts a chair conformation. Numerous C—H⋯O inter­actions as well as a C—H⋯π inter­action are present in the crystal structure.