Salt stress caused by soil salinization, is one of the main factors that reduce soybean yield and quality. A large number of genes have been found to be involved in the regulation of salt tolerance. In this study, we characterized a soybean sodium/hydrogen exchanger gene GmNHX5 and revealed its functional mechanism involved in the salt tolerance process in soybean. GmNHX5 responded to salt stress at the transcription level in the salt stress-tolerant soybean plants, but not significantly changed in the salt-sensitive ones. GmNHX5 was located in the Golgi apparatus, and distributed in new leaves and vascular, and was induced by salt treatment. Overexpression of GmNHX5 improved the salt tolerance of hairy roots induced by soybean cotyledons, while the opposite was observed when GmNHX5 was knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. Soybean seedlings overexpressing GmNHX5 also showed an increased expression of GmSOS1, GmSKOR, and GmHKT1, higher K+/Na+ ratio, and higher viability when exposed to salt stress. Our findings provide an effective candidate gene for the cultivation of salt-tolerant germplasm resources and new clues for further understanding of the salt-tolerance mechanism in plants.
In this paper, APTEEN is applied to cognitive wireless sensor networks, and an ant colonybased uneven clustering APTEEN algorithm (ACUCAPTEEN) is proposed. The algorithm combines routing and spectrum allocation with cross-layer design method, improves energy efficient uneven clustering protocol and introduces it to APTEEN, and uses ant colony algorithm to complete inter-cluster path search, which reduces the task of cluster head. In the candidate cluster head selection process, the residual energy is not considered and the competition radius is fixed, so that the nodes with many idle channels but low residual energy become cluster heads, and the cluster heads far away from the base station still have more intra-cluster tasks with less residual energy. For these problems, an optimized ACUCAPTEEN algorithm(OACUCAPTEEN) is proposed to optimize the candidate cluster heads, the residual energy is taken as a factor of the candidate cluster head probability, and the competition radius is optimized. The simulation results show that the ACUCAPTEEN algorithm and optimization algorithm can reduce the node death rate and extend the network life cycle.
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