RESUMO -A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da apresentação e da retirada de reforçadores sobre a correspondência verbal. Oito crianças brincaram individualmente e, em seguida, relataram com quais brinquedos haviam brincado. Após linha de base, os relatos de "não brincar", feitos ora individualmente, ora em grupo, foram punidos (perda de fichas permutáveis por brinquedos). Em seguida, os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, que passaram por um de dois procedimentos: (1) punição negativa de relatos não correspondentes; ou (2) reforçamento positivo de relatos correspondentes. A punição negativa somente de relatos de "não brincar" produziu um aumento no número de relatos não correspondentes de brincar para quatro crianças e, posteriormente, dificultou o restabelecimento da correspondência, seja sob uma punição negativa, seja sob reforçamento positivo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: comportamento verbal, correspondência fazer-dizer, reforçamento positivo e punição negativa, acurácia do autorrelato, ganho e perda de reforçadores ABSTRACT -The present study aimed to investigate the effect of presentation and withdrawal of reinforcers on verbal correspondence. Eight children individually played with toys, and then reported with what toys they had played. After baseline, reports of "no play", sometimes made individually, sometimes in groups, were punished (loss of tokens exchangeable for toys). Next, the participants were divided into two groups, whose participants underwent one of two procedures: (1) negative punishment of not corresponding reports; or (2) positive reinforcement of corresponding reports. The negative punishment of reports of "no play" produced an increase in the number of non-correspondent "play" reports for four children, and subsequently hindered the recovery of correspondence, either by negative punishment or by positive reinforcement. KEYWORDS: verbal behavior, do-say correspondence, positive reinforcement and negative punishment, self-report accuracy, gain and loss of reinforcers Psic.: Teor. e Pesq., Brasília, 2018, v. 34, e3425CT Gomes et al.
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