Notwithstanding the increasing body of evidence that links social determinants to health outcomes, social frailty is arguably the least explored among the various dimensions of frailty. Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We studied 229 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 67.22 years; 72.6% females) who were non-frail (defined by the FRAIL criteria). Using exploratory factor analysis, the resultant 8-item Social Frailty Scale (SFS-8) yielded a three-factor structure comprising social resources, social activities and financial resource, and social need fulfilment (score range: 0–8 points). Social non-frailty (SNF), social pre-frailty (SPF), and social frailty (SF) were defined based on optimal cutoffs, with corresponding prevalence of 63.8%, 28.8%, and 7.4%, respectively. In logistic regression adjusted for significant covariates and physical frailty (Modified Fried criteria), there is an association of SPF with poor physical performance and low physical activity (odds ratio, OR range: 3.10 to 6.22), and SF with depressive symptoms, malnutrition risk, poor physical performance, and low physical activity (OR range: 3.58 to 13.97) compared to SNF. There was no significant association of SPF or SF with life–space mobility. In summary, through a theory-guided approach, our study demonstrates the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary health outcomes in more robust older adults. A holistic preventative approach to frailty should include upstream interventions that target social frailty to address social gradient and inequalities.
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP is a crucial regulator in multiple types of cancer, including ovarian cancer (OC). However, the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of HOTTIP in OC have rarely been studied. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the functional correlation between HOTTIP and pyroptosis in OC progression. The expression of HOTTIP in OC tissues and cell lines was characterized by quantitative real‐time PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and clone formation assays. Western blot was performed to quantify protein levels. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the molecular interaction among HOTTIP, miR‐148a‐3p, and AKT2. The expression of HOTTIP was significantly upregulated in OC tissue samples and cell lines. The silencing of HOTTIP led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and NLRP1 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. In addition, HOTTIP increased AKT2 expression by negatively regulating miR‐148a‐3p and then inhibited ASK1/JNK signaling. Further rescue experiments revealed that downregulation of miR‐148a‐3p and overexpression of AKT2 obviously diminished the effects of HOTTIP downregulation in OC cells. Thus, our study elucidated a novel pyroptosis‐related mechanism by which HOTTIP participated in OC progression, which might provide a theoretical reference for clinical treatment.
Objective: To explore and compare nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) between non-parent and parent caregivers of children under 7 years old in Chinese rural areas, and to identify the factors influencing their nutrition KAB. Design: Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 1691 non-parent caregivers and 1670 parent caregivers in the selected study areas; multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors influencing nutrition KAB in caregivers. Results: The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge, the rate of positive attitudes and the rate of optimal behaviours in non-parent caregivers (52?2 %, 56?9 % and 37?7 %, respectively) were significantly lower than in the parent group (63?8 %, 62?1 % and 42?8 %, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression modelling showed that caregivers' family income and care will, and children's age and gender, were associated with caregivers' nutrition KAB after controlling the possible confounding variables (caregivers' age, gender, education and occupation). Conclusions: Non-parent caregivers had relatively poor nutrition KAB. Extra efforts and targeted education programmes aimed to improve rural non-parent caregivers' nutrition KAB are wanted and need to be emphasized. In recent years, the nutrition and health of left-behind children has become a social and public health problem in China (1)(2)(3) . When parents are unable to take care of their children, the responsibility falls to non-parent caregivers, either grandparents or other relatives (4,5) . Some studies have reported that Chinese children under 7 years old who lived with non-parent caregivers received less care and faced many nutrition-related problems, such as low intake of some nutrients and poor physical growth and development (3,6,7) . Although there are various possible reasons for the nutrition-related problems of left-behind children, it is certain that caregivers' nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) is an important factor.Non-parent caregivers play a very important role in the daily care of rural left-behind children (3,8) ; thus their nutrition KAB will be associated with the nutrition of rural left-behind children (9) . There is some literature on this topic (10,11) . One study reported that because of non-parent caregivers' poor nutrition knowledge, rural left-behind children tended to be malnourished (10) . Another study revealed that non-parent caregivers' low knowledge regarding vitamin A was a critical factor for children's vitamin A deficiency (11) . However, these studies were mostly limited in scope and conducted with a small population, and there are few papers on non-parent caregivers' nutrition KAB in China. Clearly, such studies seem important because nonparent caregivers' nutrition KAB may enhance or impede the implementation and eventual success of a nutrition programme for left-behind children. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to explore and compare nutrition KAB between non-parent and parent caregivers of ch...
Background Studies investigating the associations of maternal syphilis treatment with birth outcomes mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. Limited data are available in economically underdeveloped areas, such as Jiangxi Province. The study aims to investigate the impact of maternal treatment on birth outcomes in Jiangxi Province, China. Methods Data were obtained from the China’s Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in Jiangxi Province. All syphilis infected pregnant women who delivered ≥28 gestational weeks and were registered in this system between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019 were enrolled. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated by group-specific analyses according to their treatment status, adequacy and initiation time. Results 4210 syphilis infected pregnant women were included in the analyses. Infants born to untreated mothers (n = 1364) were at significantly higher risk for stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.01–3.00, P = 0.045), preterm birth (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02–1.59, P = 0.034) and low birth weight (LBW) (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11–1.86, P = 0.006) than those born to treated mothers (n = 2846) after adjustment for confounding factors. A significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aOR = 3.68; 95% CI, 1.62–8.34, P = 0.002), preterm birth (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.71–3.00, P < 0.001), LBW (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.59–3.14, P < 0.001) and congenital syphilis (CS) (aOR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.80–7.31, P < 0.001) was found in infants exposed to mothers treated inadequately (n = 1299) than those treated adequately (n = 1547). No pregnant women who initiated the treatment in the first trimester (n = 682) delivered a neonatal CS case. Compared with mothers who initiated treatment in the first trimester (n = 682), those initiated in the third trimester (n = 1234) suffered an increased risk of stillbirth (aOR = 4.48; 95% CI, 1.31–15.30, P = 0.017), preterm birth (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.61–3.40, P < 0.001) and LBW (aOR = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97–5.37, P < 0.001). Conclusions Maternal treatment, especially early and adequate treatment, plays a crucial role in mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among syphilis infected women.
The change in gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery. Here, we observe that the modified jejunoileal bypass effectively decreases body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, and lipids level in serum; additionally, islet β-cell function, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance were markedly ameliorated. The hypoglycemic effect and the improvement in islet β-cell function depend on the changes in gut microbiota structure. modified jejunoileal bypass increases the abundance of gut Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus and the levels of serum glycine, histidine, and glutamine in T2DM rats; and decreases the abundance of Prevotella copri and the levels of serum branched chain amino acids, which are significantly related to the improvement of islet β-cell function in T2DM rats. Our results suggest that amino acid metabolism may contribute to the islet β-cell function in T2DM rats after modified jejunoileal bypass and that improving gut microbiota composition is a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM.
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