It is proposed to improve the study of particle optimization and its application in order to solve the problem of inefficiency and lack of local optimization skills in the use of particle herd optimization. Firstly, the basic principle, mathematical description, algorithm parameters, and flow of the original (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) algorithm are introduced, and then the standard PSO algorithm is introduced; thirdly, over the last 10 years, four types of improvements have been proposed through the study of improved particle algorithms. The improved algorithm is applied to the extreme value optimization problem of multivariable function. The simulation results show that the basic (Cloud Particle Swarm Optimization, CPSO) algorithm within 500 generations has not reached convergence for 8 times, 6 times, 4 times, and 5 times, respectively. In the case of convergence, the average number of steps is much higher than ICPSO, and the improved algorithm converges completely. In terms of time performance, the convergence time of ICPSO is much better than that of CPSO algorithm. Therefore, the improved particle optimization algorithm ensures the effectiveness of the improvement measures, such as small optimization algebra, fast merging speed, high efficiency, and good population diversity.
Abstract:In order to evaluate the operating performance of a new type oil-film bearing oil S220, a new test bearing was designed based on oil-film bearing test rig. The operating temperature of S220 was tested through the thermocouples installed on a test bearing; the operating oil-film pressure was tested through pressure transducers; and the operating oil-film thickness was tested through displacement transducers. Meanwhile, M220 was also tested as a comparison, and both oils are based on mineral oil. The results showed that all property indexes of the test rig can meet the specified requirements and can guarantee the performance test of oil-film bearing oil; the operating temperature of S220 is generally equal to that of M220, and both have the same operating stability. The temperature property conforms to Formula (1) and the operating temperature under different load cases can be predicted. Although oil-film pressure of M220 is a little more stable, the oil-film pressure of S220 is similar to that of M220. Moreover, both have the similar oil-film thickness, and the oil-film thickness of S220 is slightly smaller than that of M220, especially at the beginning of operation. Ultimately, oil S220 is evaluated to be suitable for actual engineering application.
Background/purpose
Ground section is the only way to study tooth enamel, and the conventional methods of making ground sections, grinding by hand or using a hard tissue microtome are either too time consuming or money costing. This study aimed to develop and assess a novel cutting machine in making ground sections and learning aid for dental students.
Materials and methods
By using the novel cutting machine, the students cut the embedding teeth and got 50 μm ground sections efficiently. A series of fine/coarse combination stones were used for grinding the sections to uniform 20 μm thickness. Self-made ground sections were used in the lab class of tooth tissue. Questionnaires were designed to assess the participants’ attitude towards the cutting machine and their knowledge of the tooth tissue before and after making the tooth ground sections.
Results
Our findings indicated that the novel cutting machine can act as an efficient tool to make tooth ground sections. Indeed, data indicated that making tooth ground section progress can assist students’ understanding of the structure and function of tooth and their pathology knowledge had improved. From a qualitative point of view, the students described making tooth ground section progress improve their practical ability and study interest in oral pathology.
Conclusion
Overall, these findings indicate that our novel cutting machine can act as an efficient tool to make tooth ground sections and support dental students to study the pathology of the tooth hard tissue in a simple and functional way.
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