At present, the commonly used cement has low tensile strength and low flexural strength, which is a fatal defect of cement materials. It is extremely urgent to conduct research on this shortcoming of cement. In addition, the steel industry steel mill produces a large amount of waste steel slag. The chemical composition of steel slag is similar to that of cement. This experiment makes full use of waste steel slag as raw material to prepare cement to improve the performance of cement materials. Using limestone, sandstone, shale, steel slag and river sand as the main raw materials, through the powder preparation, mixing, calcination, grinding, molding process and performance analysis of raw materials. After the calcination, the cement clinker in the form of a block becomes higher in hardness as the steel slag is incorporated. The higher the calcination temperature, the smaller the steel slag incorporation maximum. When the calcined at 1150 °C is mixed with 17.5% steel slag, a cement with better performance can be obtained.
YAG materials has a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In this paper, the superfine YAG powder materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and hydrothermal precipitation method. The influence of synthesis process on the morphology of the powder was investigated. The results showed that the precursor powder prepared via the co-precipitation method is mainly from amorphous to crystalline transition with the increasing calcination temperature, the precursor agglomeration is more serious, In the process of increasing the calcination temperature, the dispersibility of the roasted powder is greatly improved, which is favorable for the growth of the crystal grains, so that the particle size of the powder is gradually increased, the YAG precursor prepared by the co-precipitation method is transformed into YAG crystals, the phase transition occurs mainly between 900 and 1100°C. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is Y3+: OH-=1: 8 via the hydrothermal reaction, the YAG particles with homogeneous morphology can be obtained. When the molar ratio of salt and alkali is increased continuously, the morphology of YAG particles is not obviously changed. The co-precipitation method is easy to control the particle size, the hydrothermal method is easy to control the particle morphology.
To provide reference for optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency, we studied the effects of salt–alkali molar ratio on the properties of tin oxide nanofilms. We found that when the hydrothermal temperature was increased to 80 °C, the film growth was not complete. With a hydrothermal temperature of 120 °C, the film became more complete and structured. However, at 160 °C, thick and very irregular tin dioxide (SnO2) crystal particles were deposited on the FTO conductive glass surface. With the increase in heat treatment temperature, crystallization became more and more dense and complete. At 80 °C hydrothermal temperature, the simulated peak of the surface and number of peaks became smaller. However, they significantly increased with a hydrothermal temperature of 120 °C. When the hydrothermal temperature was at 160 °C, the surface simulated peak increased, but the number of peaks decreased. Moreover, the diameter of each peak was greatly increased. The film obtained via the hydrothermal method was relatively pure, and Sn(OH)3 was not completely converted into SnO2.
Ultrafine SnO2 is a new type of material, in the field of solar cells and semiconductors have a lot of use. To get different morphology and different properties of tin oxide powder material, making more applications in the field, the effect of the adjuvants on the properties of superfine SnO2 powders were distigated. Through the analysis of experimental results, the conclusions are shown the stronger the alkalinity of the auxiliary agent, the larger the grain size of the obtained particles and the more uniform the particles. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is more than 1: 4, the amount of alkali is gradually reduced, the particle size is small, the morphology is not uniform and easy to agglomerate. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is 1: 4, the smaller particle size is shown, the appearance morphology is uneven. The longer the reaction time, the more complete the grain, the more uniform the morphology. Under the condition of SnCl4 concentration of 0.05 mol/L, reaction time is 4 days, salt and alkali molar ratio is 1: 4, holding temperature is 200 °C, the auxiliary agent is NaOH, the size, shape and properties of synthesized SnO2 are the better.
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