With growing numbers of distributed generators (DGs) getting connected to the network, new protection schemes are required. These schemes are aimed at responding to the changing fault current values, bi-directional current flow and distributed generation (DG) at all levels of the grid. For this purpose these schemes utilize comprehensive protection systems with extensive communication and coordination between DGs and protection devices such as relays. This paper details the assignment of two parameters which are critical for proper operation of a microgrid protection system. The first parameter, the fault current coefficient, represents the fault current supplied by any DG to any point inside the network whereas the second parameter is the adjustment of relay hierarchy for selective operation of relays. The automated assignment of these parameters serves the notion of self-operating microgrid protection system. Furthermore, elimination of manual design and calculation facilitates deployment of new DG units and thus makes it possible to design plug-and-play DGs and protection devices.
High Impedance Faults (HIFs) are linked to enduring unaddressed knowledge gaps due to their diverse and complex behavior, despite being extensively researched disturbances. Vegetation HIFs, for instance, are a particular type of fault that can lead to great fire hazards and life risks. They have unique fault signatures and should receive special attention if fire risk mitigation is desired. This paper focuses on the detection of these distinct, very small current faults. As the main correlational features, the proposed methodology uses the vegetation fault signatures' high-frequency content. Different from many previous works that rely on HIF models, the approach validation is performed using a real dataset comprising a large number of experiments, sampled in a functioning network in the presence of noise. The classification is performed by boosted decision trees, which showed high dependability and security in the classification of small phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase HIFs.
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