Currently, some Toxoplasma gondii genotypes are being associated with serious clinical presentations. A recent report showing the Africa 1 genotype in two local congenital toxoplasmosis cases acquired in Turkey formed the basis of this study because atypical Africa 1 genotype is most frequently detected in animals and patients from sub-Saharan Africa. Since stray cats are considered as the linkage between wild life and urban life in T. gondii transmission, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize T. gondii strains circulating in stray cats of İzmir (Western Turkey). A secondary objective was to determine toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in this cat population. Tissues obtained from 100 deceased stray cats were bioassayed and isolated strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. In addition, toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was analyzed in 1121 cat sera collected from several large veterinary clinics in İzmir. Among the 22 isolates, 19 were Type II (86.3%), two were Type III (9%) and one was Africa 1 genotype (4.5%). The overall seropositivity rates in cats were 42–48% and 33.4–34.4% according to IFA and ELISA, respectively. Seroprevalence in deceased cats was significantly higher than in healthy cats (P = 0.0033). Finding both the major clonal Type II lineage together with the Type III lineage also found in Middle East, and an atypical genotype, Africa 1 appears consistent with the specific geographic location of Turkey between three continents and raises the possibility of transportation of these strains between continents through trade routes or long distance migratory birds. In addition, the first large study of toxoplasma seroprevalence in a stray cat population was also reported. The relatively high seropositivity rates and the variety of T. gondii genotypes confirm the local stray cat population as a risk factor for human toxoplasmosis in İzmir.

Human intelligence and talent are notions that have been studied in various disciplines like psychology and education overtime. Developing better understanding on these concepts pass through self-exploration of mankind and researchers use fundamental and complex scientific process skills in this process. In this regard, the study aims at developing a measurement tool by which indicators of gifted and talented students can be observed in a valid and reliable way. The research hypothesized four factored giftedness structures and then following technical operations and statistical computations were performed. Item poll was created after an extended literature review and analysis of existing evaluation scales. Items were revised, modified, improved and probable problematic ones were discarded throughout pilot study, and final template of the scale was obtained.  Data was collected from 258 preschool/kindergarten children in Antalya province. Findings revealed sufficient and strong evidence for validity and reliability that the measurement tool developed was theoretically supported and a good measure of giftedness.  

Gifted children are marked by their unique personal, emotional, and social needs and characteristics as well as their superior abilities. In this context, the aim of study was to explore the relationship between bullying, victimisation, and revenge in gifted students and explain whether or how they are effected by intellectual functioning and gender. participants and procedure Data was obtained from 318 (159 gifted, 159 non-gifted) volunteer secondary school students in Turkey. The Peer Bullying Scale Child Form and Vengeance Scale (VS) were used for data collection. While the data was being analysed, Pearson product moment correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used because the data provided the criteria for parametric tests. results Research findings point out that there is a difference statistically between gifted and non-gifted students' peer bullying , victimisation, and revenge levels. Moreover, revenge was related positively to bullying victims in all students. Mediator revenge partially explains the relationship between victimisation and bullying. On the other hand, findings have shown that victim gifted children have higher revenge levels than do normal peers. conclusions Bullying is highly connected with retaliation in the study of which children's opinions on effective strategies to cope with bullying are investigated; taking revenge is accepted as the best way to deal with bullying. Students who bully, their victims, and bystanders are all affected. Bullies can stress all of the people around them, creating a climate of fear and intimidation not only in their victims but also in their fellow students.