Two experiments investigated the effects on silage quality of adding cassava chips at a range of levels to a sorghum forage plus Cavalcade legume hay mixture at ensiling at the Experimental Farm, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Cavalcade hay was 15% of chopped sorghum fresh weight and cassava chips were added at 0, 5, 10 and 15% of chopped sorghum fresh weight. The first experiment utilized sorghum and Cavalcade main crops and the second used the ratoon crop of sorghum and 2 nd cut of Cavalcade. Dry matter percentage of ensiled mixtures and silages increased (P<0.05) with an increase in cassava chip levels in both experiments, but CP and NDF concentrations decreased (P<0.05). Dry matter degradability increased (P<0.05) with an increase in cassava chip levels up to 10% in both main and ratoon/2 nd cut silages. Digestible energy and metabolizable energy of both silages increased significantly with an increase in cassava chip levels up to 10% for main crop and 15% for ratoon/2 nd cut crops. While addition of cassava chips improved digestibility and energy content of silage, it lowered CP concentration. Use of fresh Cavalcade instead of hay should increase the CP levels and should be investigated along with animal feeding studies to test acceptance and animal performance. ResumenEn el campo experimental de la Universidad Khon Kaen, Tailandia, se realizaron sendos experimentos para evaluar el efecto de la adición de trozos (chips) de yuca (Manihot esculenta) en la calidad del ensilaje de una mezcla de sorgo forrajero con heno de la leguminosa forrajera Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade, este último en una proporción de 15% del peso verde del sorgo en la mezcla. Los chips se agregaron en proporciones de 0, 5, 10 y 15% del peso fresco del sorgo picado. En un primer ensayo se utilizaron sorgo y cv. Cavalcade de la primera cosecha (material de plantas previamente no cortadas) y en el segundo, material proveniente de plantas rebrotadas después de un primer corte. El porcentaje de materia seca (MS) de las mezclas tanto al momento de ensilar como del ensilaje ya listo para consumo, aumentó (P<0.05) en la medida que en ambos ensayos los niveles de chips de yuca en la mezcla aumentaron. No obstante, los porcentajes de proteína cruda (PC) y fibra detergente neutra disminuyeron (P<0.05). La degradabilidad de la MS aumentó (P<0.05) con el incremento del nivel de chips (hasta el nivel 10%) en ambos experimentos. Las energías digestible y metabolizable de ambos ensilajes aumentaron (P<0.05) con el incremento del nivel de chips hasta el nivel 10% en el primer ensayo y 15% en el segundo. Mientras que la adición de chips de yuca mejoró la digestibilidad y el contenido de energía del ensilaje, redujo la concentración de PC. Se sugiere estudiar si el uso de material fresco de la leguminosa en lugar de heno incrementa las concentraciones de PC en el ensilaje. Además se sugiere conducir estudios con animales para evaluar la aceptabilidad de los ensilajes y su efecto sobre la producción animal.
A B S T R A C TThis work was carried out at Khon Kaen University from April-November 2011 to determine dry matter yields and forage quality of the Purple Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58) and grass plus legumes grown on Korat soil series (Oxic Paleustults). The 3 Production Methods (PM) were used viz., without legume (PM1), with Verano stylo, Stylosanthes hamata cv., Verano, (PM2) and with Wynn cassia, Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv., Wynn, (PM3). Dry Cattle Manure (CM) rates of 0, 8, 16 and 24 t haG 1 were used. They were subjected to a 3×4 factorial arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The results showed that an increase in cattle manure rates highly increased both Dry Matter Yields (DMY%) of the grass alone and grass plus legumes. The high DMY of 10,596 and 10,673 tons haG 1 were attained with the PM2 and the PM3, respectively. An increase in cattle manure rates highly decreased Crude Protein (CP%) of the grass alone and grass plus legumes mixture. Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF%) for the grass alone increased with an increase in cattle manure rates only up to 8 t haG 1 but the production methods did not. The NDF% of the grass plus legumes mixture highly increased with an increase in cattle manure rates but a reverse result was found with the production methods. Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF%) for the grass alone highly increased but the increase was only up to 8 t haG 1 . Production methods had no significant effect on the ADF%. An increase in cattle manure rates did not significantly affect DMD%, except that of the production methods where an increase was with the PM2 only.
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