Bonelike apatite formed on the surface of titanium pretreated with NaOH solution after having been immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), while no apatite formed on the surface of untreated titanium.In the present study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was used to investigate the nucleation and growth of apatite on chemically treated titanium immersed in the SBF solution and the difference between the behaviors of treated and untreated titanium. Appropriate equivalent circuit models were constructed to describe the nucleation and growth of apatite and the thin oxide film formed on the surface of untreated titanium. It was found that EIS is a useful method for investigating the nucleation and growth of bonelike apatite on titanium pretreated with NaOH solution.
Ion beam sputtering and ion beam sputtering/mixing deposition techniques were used to produce thin bioactive glass coatings on titanium substrate. It was found that as-deposited coatings were amorphous. Scanning electron microscopical examination showed that the coatings had a uniform and dense structure and that fabrication parameters affected the surface morphology of the coatings. The surface Ca/P ratio of the coatings, which varied from 5.9 to 8.6 according to semi-quantitative EDX analyses, was correlated with the fabrication condition. Depth profiling of the coatings revealed four distinct zones: the top surface, the thin coating zone, the intermixed zone of coating and substrate, and the substrate. Scratch tests showed that the coatings adhered well to the substrate.
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