PEF is an alternative technique for stabilizing unilateral mandibular fractures in equids.
SummaryThe horse being a model of high interest for cartilage repair studies, the feasibility of engineering scaffold-free cartilage constructs of very large size was studied for to prepare further pre-clinical testing of such constructs in vivo. The engineering of large scaffold-free cartilage constructs from chondrocytes of adult equine donors should be demonstrated. An in vitro study was carried out with chondrocytes from adult equine donors, which had to be euthanised for reasons unrelated to the locomotor system. Cartilage biopsies were taken post mortem under surgical conditions. After digestion (pronase/collagenase), scaffold-free tissue engineered cartilage was produced from the resulting chondrocytes (p0). Furthermore, chondrocytes were propagated in monolayer culture, and cartilage constructs produced from passages 1 and 2 (p1, p2). Cartilage formation was allowed for at least 6 weeks and up to 6 months. Histologic and biochemical analyses of the constructs were performed to characterise the resulting constructs. Engineered cartilage constructs up to 6 cm 2 large could be produced from adult equine chondrocytes that were propagated in vitro over zero to two passages. The engineered equine cartilage appeared soft after the initial 4 weeks, but matured conceivably with time to form a dense and firm cartilage like tissue. The technology used to produce autologous, scaffold-free, engineered cartilage constructs might be applied for adult horses, but also other species including man, to generate autologous cartilage implants to cover large cartilage defects. The horse may be a good animal model to study the treatment of large cartilage defects by implantation of autologous tissue engineered cartilage constructs. Keywords
Before surgery, an indwelling intravenous catheter was placed in the left jugular vein and the horse was given potassium penicillin (Penicillin Natrium; G. Streuli) at 30,000 U/ kg bodyweight, intravenously, every six hours and gentamicin (Vetagent; Veterinaria) at 6·6 mg/kg bodyweight, intravenously, every 24 hours. Phenylbutazone (Equipalazone Paste E-PP; Arnolds Veterinary Products) was given orally at a dose of 1 g, every 12 hours. The horse was sedated using romifidine (Sedivet; Boehringer Ingelheim) at 0·04 mg/kg bodyweight intravenously, and I-methadone (L-Polamivet; Veterinaria) at 0·05 mg/kg bodyweight intravenously. General anaesthesia was induced with intravenous guaifenesin (Myolaxin; Vétoquinol) using 15 g of a 7·5 per cent solution, plus ketamine hydrochloride (Narketan; Vétoquinol) at 1·4 mg/kg bodyweight and thiopental (Pentothal; Abbott) at 1·4 mg/ kg bodyweight.Following tracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (Attane; Minrad) and double drip (ketamine hydrochloride, 6 per cent and guaifenesin, 15 per cent). The stallion was positioned in dorsal recumbency with the hindlimbs secured to an overhead crossbar and hoist. Following routine aseptic preparation of the surgical field, the left hindlimb was positioned with the stifle flexed approximately 60°.A cranial approach (Peroni and Stick 2002) to the stifle joints was used as follows: the medial compartment of the femorotibial joint was distended with 20 ml sterile polyionic fluids (Ringerlaktat-Lösung; Dr G. Bichsel), 10 ml lidocaine (Lidocain 2 per cent; G. Streuli) and 10 ml bupivacaine (Bupivacain; Sintetica) by means of an 18 G, 1·5 inch needle. A 1 cm skin incision and transection of the superficial and deep fascia were made 2 cm medial to the middle patellar ligament and 3 cm distal to the palpable distal end of the patella. Without previous joint distension an arthroscopic cannula containing a blunt trocar was introduced through the incision into the femoropatellar joint in a caudal and distal direction. The trocar was replaced by a 30° arthroscope (Karl Storz) and sterile polyionic fluids were infused into the femoropatellar joint through the cannula. A systematic examination of the femoropatellar joint was performed and revealed no abnormalities.The synovial membrane between the medial compartment of the femorotibial joint and the femoropatellar joint was identified. An instrument portal was developed into the femoropatellar joint lateral to the middle patellar ligament by using similar landmarks as described for the arthroscope portal. An arthroscopic hook scissor was placed in the femoropatellar joint through this second portal. The synovial membrane between the femoropatellar and medial femorotibial joints was incised and the arthroscope advanced into
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.