The common belief that simpler, speedier, more user-friendly adhesives always reduce technique sensitivity should be revaluated. Clinicians should resist the attraction of new, faster, easier-use materials and ask for laboratory and clinical studies before switching to a new material. SUMMARYThis study evaluated the efficacy of a total-etch and three self-etch adhesives in reducing microleakage after three months water storage and thermocycling.Thirty freshly extracted caries-free human premolars and molars were used. Class V standardized preparations were performed on the facial and lingual surfaces, with the gingival margin placed 1 mm below the CEJ. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups; Group I: Xeno III one-step self-etch adhesive (Dentsply/Caulk), Group II: Prime & Bond NT total-etch adhesive (Dentsply/Caulk), Group III: i-Bond one-step selfetch adhesive (Heraeus Kulzer) and Group IV: Clearfil SE Bond two-step self-etch adhesive (Kuraray Medical). The teeth were restored using 2 mm increments of shade A2 resin composite (Esthet-X, Dentsply/Caulk). Each layer was cured using the Spectrum 800 curing light (Dentsply/Caulk) for 20 seconds at 600mW/cm 2 . The teeth were stored in distilled water for 90 days. Samples were thermocycled 500x between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds, then placed in a 0.5% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours at 37°C. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins under a stereomicroscope at 20x magnification. Dye penetration was scored: 0=no penetration; 1=partial dye penetration along the occlusal or gingival wall; 2=dye penetration along the occlusal or gingival wall; 3=dye penetration to and along the axial wall.A Mann-Whitney test was used to demonstrate significantly more dye penetration in Group III than in the other groups at both the occlusal and gingival scores (p<0.0001). When comparing the
SUMMARYThis study evaluated the microleakage of a giomer resin bonded with total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Thirty freshly extracted, caries-free human premolars and molars were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: Group I was exposed to 33% hydrogen peroxide (Niveous-Shofu) for 30 minutes daily for five consecutive days; Group II received no treatment (control). A week later, Class V standardized preparations were performed on the facial and lingual surfaces, with the gingival margin placed 1 mm below the CEJ. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: in Groups IA and IIA, a selfetching adhesive system (FL Bond-Shofu) was applied, and in Groups IB and IIB, a total-etch adhesive system (Prime & Bond NT-Dentsply/Caulk) was applied according to manufacturers' instructions. The teeth were restored using 2-mm increments of Beautifil A2 resin-based giomer material (Shofu). Each layer was cured using a Spectrum 800 curing light (Dentsply/Caulk) for 20 seconds at 600mW/cm 2 . The teeth were thermocycled 500x between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell of 30 seconds; they were then placed in a 0.5% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours at 37°C. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margin under a stereomicroscope at 20x magnification. Dye penetration was scored using the following scoring system 0 = no penetration; 1 = partial dye penetration along the occlusal or gingival wall; 2 = partial dye penetration along the occlusal or gingival wall but did not include the axial wall; 3 = dye penetration to and along the axial wall. A MannWhitney test revealed a statistically significant Microleakage of a total-etch adhesive system was not influenced by the application of hydrogen peroxide; conversely, enamel dye penetration significantly increased for a selfetching primer. 228Operative Dentistry difference between subgroups at the occlusal level (p<0.0001). Group IA yielded the most microleakage. No statistically significant difference was reported at the gingival level.Microleakage was affected by hydrogen peroxide exposure only at the enamel cavosurface margin when a self-etching primer adhesive system was used.
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