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This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, carcass traits, and apparent nutrient digestibility in geese from 28 to 70 D of age. In experiment 1, a total of 240 geese were distributed in a completely randomized design into 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 10 birds each. The treatments were free access to the feeder (ad libitum) and access to the feeder 3, 4, and 5 times daily. Geese fed 3 times daily had a lower ( P < 0.05) BW, ADG, and ADFI and a higher ( P = 0.064) feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) from 28 to 41 D of age compared with the other groups. Geese fed 4 times daily had a higher ( P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI and a lower ( P < 0.05) FCR from 42 to 55 D of age compared with ad libitum fed geese. Geese fed 3 times daily had a higher ( P < 0.05) ADG from 56 to 69 D of age than geese fed ad libitum and 4 times daily. No differences ( P > 0.05) in BW, ADFI, ADG, and FCR were observed between ad libitum and feeding frequency groups from 28 to 69 D of age. Carcass traits and gastrointestinal development were not affected ( P > 0.05) by feeding frequency. In experiment 2, the apparent nutrient digestibility in geese from 71 to 77 D of age fed using different feeding frequencies was determined using the total fecal collection method. Feeding frequency did not affect ( P > 0.05) the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, crude ash, calcium, phosphorous, or ether extract in geese. Our study demonstrates for the first time that compensatory growth can be gained by enhancing feed intake when a lower feeding frequency is imposed on geese. Both ad libitum feeding and fixed feeding frequency for 3 to 5 times daily are suitable for geese from 28 to 70 D of age to achieve optimum production.

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The goal of this study was to explore the optimal planting coverage rate and wastewater concentration required by water spinach floating bed system for the purification of geese farm wastewater. The results showed that the floating bed with water spinach in high concentration wastewater had better removal rates on ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on the removal of nutrients except turbidity (NTU) among the different plant coverage rages (P>0.05). The floating bed system with water spinach removed heavy metals (Hg, As and Zn) in different concentration wastewater, with removal rates of 22.21%~68.20%, 40.00%~52.94% and 100.00%. Water spinach in low concentration wastewater had significant higher root length, stem height and weight gain (P<0.05) than medium and high concentration wastewater. The TN and TP contents of water spinach stem leaf in high concentration wastewater were significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05). The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in water spinach in all groups was far below the national food safety standard. In general, the water spinach floating bed is suitable for the purification of medium and low concentration wastewater, and the optimal coverage rate is 40%~60%.