GH984 is a Ni-Fe based superalloy that has been used as superheater tube material in high pressure boilers for more than 10 years, and is now being considered for use as superheater, reheater and header material for boilers in 700uC advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) coal fired power plants. In order to meet the requirements of 700uC A-USC boilers, the alloy composition must be optimised to enhance thermal stability and improve mechanical properties. In this paper, the influence of phosphorus (P) on the structural stability and mechanical properties of the GH984 alloy was investigated. The results show that P has no influence on the major precipitates, which are spherical c9, blocky MC and discrete M 23 C 6 at the grain boundary after standard heat treatment, except decreases in the size of M 23 C 6 . After the thermal exposure at 700uC for 1000 h, at the grain boundary, the morphology of M 23 C 6 changes from a blocky and irregular shape to a blocky and nodular shape, and the size decreases with the increase in P content. Additionally, the growth rate of M 23 C 6 increases with increasing the thermal exposure temperature from 700 to 800uC. The P content has no obvious influence on the tensile strength and ductility. However, at 700uC/350 MPa and 750uC/300 MPa, the rupture life obviously increases with increasing the P content due to the improvement of grain boundary strength when the content of P is lower than 0?034 wt-%. It can be concluded that the addition of P can increase the rupture life and improve the structural stability of GH984.
We have performed fatigue tests on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) multilayers having stacks of Pb(Zr0.8Ti0.2)O3/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 with repeated distances of 12 formula groups. The results are compared with single-layer n-type (0.5 at. % Ta-doped) PZT films. We conclude that fatigue is dominated by space-charge layers in each case, but that in the multilayer such space charge accumulates at the layer interfaces, rather than at the electrode–dielectric interface. The model, which includes both drift and diffusion, is quantitative and yields a rate-limiting mobility of 6.9±0.9×10−12 cm2/V s, in excellent agreement with the oxygen vacancy mobility for perovskite oxides obtained from Zafar et al.
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