Field studies were conducted at five locations in North Carolina and Virginia in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate weed control and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response to diclosulam that was applied preemergence (PRE) and in systems with commercial standards. All plots received a preplant incorporated (PPI) treatment of ethalfluralin at 840 g ai/ha. Diclosulam controlled common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), eclipta (Eclipta prostrataL.), entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriusculaGray), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) as well as and frequently better than the commercial standards of acifluorfen plus bentazon applied postemergence (POST), paraquat plus bentazon early POST followed by (fb) imazapic POST, or imazapic POST. Systems with ethalfluralin PPI plus diclosulam PRE at 26 g ai/ha fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST controlled a broader spectrum of weeds and yielded greater than systems of ethalfluralin PPI fb imazapic POST or ethalfluralin PPI fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Peanut exhibited excellent tolerance to diclosulam PRE at 17, 26, or 35 g/ha.
Growth and yield responses of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) to preplant incorporated applications of metolachlor [2chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide] herbicide were studied at two locations in Georgia. At Sycamore, GK-7 peanuts which received 3.8 cm irrigation immediately following herbicide incorporation and planting were generally stunted and yielded less than non-inigated peanuts. Metolachlor rates from 2.2 to 6.7 kg ai/ha reduced early and late season growth of irrigated peanuts in 1985 and 1986 but non-irrigated peanuts recovered by mid-August. Yields were suppressed only at the highest rate of metolachor in 1985, but there was no yield response in 1986 or 1987. At Tifton, emergence of Florunner peanuts was delayed and canopy height and width were reduced by metolachlor. Initial flower, peg and pod production were reduced in a linear response to metolachlor rate, resulting in differences in pod development 95 days after planting. There was a rate response for pod yield in 1985 but not in 1986 and grade did not differ either year. In general, emergence and growth were delayed and reduced by preplant incorporated metolachlor when rainfall or irrigation followed application, but yields were not reduced at labeled rates.
Weed management systems using a chloroacetamide herbicide applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and at cracking (AC) plus lactofen applied AC and early postemergence (POST) controlled at least 98% of common lambsquarters. Similar systems using a chloroacetamide herbicide applied PPI and early POST plus lactofen applied early POST and postemergence (POST) controlled less than 70% of common lambsquarters. All sequential lactofen systems controlled common ragweed completely and at least 86% of morningglory species. Highest peanut yields and net returns were obtained with weed management systems consisting of sequential applications of lactofen applied AC and early POST, or systems that used acifluorfen plus bentazon POST, or lactofen plus bentazon applied early POST or POST.
Field studies were conducted at five locations in North Carolina and Virginia during 1996 and 1997 to evaluate weed control, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response, and peanut yield following diclosulam applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and in systems with commercial herbicide standards. All plots received a PPI treatment of ethalfluralin at 840 g ai/ha. Ethalfluralin plus diclosulam controlled entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriuscula), ivyleaf morningglory (I. hederacea), pitted morningglory (I. lacunosa), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), eclipta (Eclipta prostrata), and prickly sida (Sida spinosa) as well as and frequently better than ethalfluralin PPI followed by (fb) acifluorfen plus bentazon postemergence (POST), paraquat plus bentazon early postemergence (EPOST) fb imazapic POST, or imazapic POST. Systems with ethalfluralin plus diclosulam PPI at 26 g ai/ha fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST controlled a broader spectrum of weeds and yielded greater than systems of ethalfluralin PPI fb imazapic POST or ethalfluralin PPI fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Peanut exhibited excellent tolerance to diclosulam PPI at 17, 26, or 35 g/ha.
Common ragweed was the most difficult to control of the species present and its control appeared to have the greatest effect on peanut yield. Preplant-incorporated (PPI) treatments provided no control of common ragweed but ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI provided better than 90% control of yellow nutsedge and nearly 50% control of morningglory species. Single applications of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai ha−1following PPI applications of ethalfluralin or ethalfluralin plus vernolate provided less than 75% common ragweed control. Sequential applications of paraquat applied 1 and 3 weeks after peanut emergence (1 + 3 WAE) provided at least 81% common ragweed control. Peanut yield with ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI followed by paraquat 1 WAE (4400 kg ha−1) was equivalent to the handweeded yield (4470 kg ha−1). Yields were not significantly less with the same PPI application followed by paraquat 1 + 3 WAE (3730 kg ha−1) or by acifluorfen plus bentazon 3 WAE (3730 kg ha−1), and ethalfluralin PPI followed by paraquat 1 + 3 WAE (3740 kg ha−1). Ethalfluralin plus vernolate PPI and paraquat 1 WAE provided the highest net returns of $1370 ha−1.
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