The motions of satellites phased in particular, slightly inclined orbits are timed so that different satellites are north and south of the equator when sun‐caused outages occur in geostationary equatorial systems.
We present analytical methods (i) for calculating microwave radio re fraction for negative and positive initial ray angUs accounting for station height and (ii) for determining refraction-corrected ranges of antenna point ing azimuth within which mutual interference with geostationary satellites in shared frequency bands is likely.
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