Aim-The use of eye care services by people with and without diabetes was investigated in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project (VIP), a population based study of eye disease in a representative sample of Melbourne residents 40 years of age and older. Methods-A comprehensive interview was employed to elicit information on history of diabetes, medication use, most recent visit to an ophthalmologist and optometrist, and basic demographic details. Presence and extent of diabetic retinopathy was determined by dilated fundus examination. 2 3 There is a high rate of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy when diabetes has been present for more than 30 years, with approximately two thirds of people having lost vision after 35 years of diabetes. Results-The 4Current treatments, if appropriately timed and rigorously applied, may be eVective in preventing up to 98% of severe visual loss and blindness due to diabetic retinopathy. [5][6][7][8] This emphasises the need to ensure that individuals with diabetes receive adequate screening and are oVered timely treatment. Recommendations in Australia are for people with diabetes to have a dilated pupil examination at least every 2 years. People with signs of diabetic retinopathy, if not already seeing an ophthalmologist, should be referred to an ophthalmologist for further management. Prompt and eVective delivery of ophthalmic care to people with diabetes not only reduces personal suVering caused by blindness but also yields substantial cost savings. Previous studies have shown that the costs of providing preventative eye care are much less than the costs involved with providing support for a subsequent disability. [10][11][12] Studies from the United States have shown that current recommendations for periodic screening for diabetic retinopathy are not well adhered to. [13][14][15] However, little research has been done in Australia to determine whether people with diabetes receive regular eye examinations in accordance with recommendations. Our recent study showed that most general Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:410-414 410
The aim of this study has been the development of a noninvasive method of predicting the pregnancy potential of human oocytes and embryos intended for in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement. A multifactorial system which distinguishes, with a high degree of accuracy, between normal pregnancy, abnormal pregnancy, and non-pregnancy-producing embryos is reported. The variables included are (1) follicular fluid proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin, complement C3, immunoglobulin IgG2, and total protein, and total proteoglycan level separated by isoelectric focusing; (2) follicular volume; and (3) an embryo appearance rating. The study group consisted of (1) follicles which produced embryos of known performance after transfer (a) when the number of embryos transferred = the number of implantations and, (b) where one embryo transferred = no pregnancy; (2) follicles which produced oocytes which did not cleave after insemination; and (3) follicles from which no oocyte was aspirated. Canonical discriminant analysis of follicular fluid variables and follicular volume has been used to characterize the oocyte performance groups. Correct classification was achieved in 69% of normal pregnancy, 70% of abnormal pregnancy, 33% of no pregnancy, and 47% of no cleavage oocytes. An embryo appearance rating was included with the above variables for a separate discriminant analysis of only those oocytes which had formed embryos after insemination. Correct classification was achieved in 81% of normal-pregnancy, 70% of abnormal-pregnancy, and 70% of no-pregnancy embryos.
The management of our households and the way we spend our leisure time has been greatly influenced by the introduction of various household technologies in the 1980s and 1990s. This paper compares the extent and rate of adoption of selected household products in Australian households. The diffusion of colour television sets, video cassette recorders, compact disc players, microwave ovens and personal computers into various types of households during the 1980s and 1990s was examined. This study found that different types of Australian households adopted new technology at different rates. The levels of ownership of various household technologies were highest for households with children. In general, one-adult households were slower to adopt new household technology when compared to other types of households. This paper speculates as to why one-person households are slower to purchase the latest in cooking and entertainment technology.Diffusion Rates, Household Technology, Logistic Curves, Household Types,
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