IntroductionWhile there is a plethora of research that documents the numerous barriers affecting female leaders in the modern workplace, there is a lack of literature which focuses on strategies or motivating resources that women use to navigate the workplace environment. Despite facing significant barriers in their leadership journeys, there are female leaders who are able to overcome these barriers to achieve leadership positions. These women leaders draw on personal and external motivating factors to assist them in dealing with the challenges associated with being a female leader as a result, research on motivating strategies for women’s career progression is a research topic that warrants immediate attention. Female solidarity as a motivating resource has been gaining traction in the field of leadership studies and can be seen as a supportive resource that can be used by current and aspiring female leaders to progress in underrepresented environments. Although female solidarity is but only one of the many strategies that can be implemented to motivate women in leadership positions, the increase of female solidarity in the workplace is expected to alleviate the conditions that reinforce essentialist notions of the “queen bee syndrome” in which women are seen as unsupportive of each other.MethodA qualitative research approach was used for this study, following an interpretive descriptive design. A total of 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with female leaders in male-dominated professions within South Africa. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsResults of the study were analyzed in line with three primary content areas, i.e., barriers to female solidarity in the workplace, benefits of female solidarity in the workplace and workplace interventions to increase solidarity.DiscussionIn the context of the study the predominant barriers to female solidarity within male-dominated workplaces were identified as unfair workplace behaviours, generational beliefs, societal expectations, organisational cultures, stereotypes and stigmas. The benefits of female solidarity within male-dominated workplaces were identified as career shaping mentorship, female recognition, female representation and female support. Lastly, the interventions that can be implemented to increase female solidarity within male-dominated workplaces were conceptualised as networking, transforming the company culture, socialisation and mentorship.
An instrumentation and control system has been desiwd for monitoring and controlling the parameters which determine the performance of a deep hole diamond drilL Bit performance in t e m of average penetration rate and life has become extremely important because time dependant costs have become the major proportion of the total costs per meter drilled due to the deep holes encountered apecia& in the gold exploration drilling ituiwtty. This paper gives the dejinitions and a discussion of the important parameters influencing the drill bit performance An analysis and simulahon done on an arnuned model indicated that stable, well damped closed loop control could be maintained over the wide range of system dynamics which were expected to be encountered in the system. Preliminary practical results agree well with the results obtained by simulation JntroductioqIn the mineral exploration drilling industry, and in particular that part involved in gold exploration, borehole depths of between 3OOOm and 5000m are a common requirement. In order to reach these depths, a larger capacity and higher capital cost drilling rig is required. Time-related costs associated with the more expensive equipment, increasing labour costs and longer core retrieval and tripping times, have become the major proportion of the total costs per meter drilled while the bit costs form a relatively minor proportion. Bit performance in terms of penetration rate and life expectancy has therefore become extremely important.It is apparent that the need exists for a reliable and practical method of achieving optimum bit performance over the wide range of operating parameters. This can best be accomplished by implementing an instrumentation and control system which will allow the rig to function at its optimum efficiency, throughout its entire operating range, measured in terms of factors such as specific energy.'In order to get a better understanding of the actual requirements regarding the control of the various relevant drilling rig parameters, a concise description of the mechanical fine feed system is given. Descrbtion of the Mechanical SystemA simple representation of the mechanical fine feed system is shown in the schematic of Fig. 1. C m M : 1 DIJ DRll Fig. 1. Fine feed mechanical system 1 35 n \ \ \ \ r(D BIT
The use of microwave frequency absorption for the on-line measurement of the water content of coal on a conveyorbelt is investigated.Several experiments were executed and a mathematical relationship between the water percentage in the coal and the output of the detector was derived. The measuring instrument was coupled to a personal computer by means of a suitable interface. The computer was then used to determine the water content of coal samples, using the empirical mathematical relationship derived.
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