India's horticulture sector is growing and playing a vital role in the continent's agricultural economy. India is the second largest producer of fruit and vegetables globally, but horticultural development is currently constrained by poor marketing. The gap between prices received by farmers and those paid by consumers is large, reflecting inefficient marketing arrangements. This study estimates the market costs, market margins, price spread, the producer's share of the consumer's rupee and the market efficiency of horticultural commodities under different supply chains, and suggests measures to improve marketing efficiency. The study was conducted in the states of
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