Floristic diversity is characteristic for stubble-field plant communities. Those communities consist of both the species remaining after harvesting of grain and of the species developing in rootplant communities. The first part of this paper describes the plant communities of poor sites in the investigated region. It is based on 90 phytosociological records taken in August and September of 1972-1975 and on soil investigations. The Panico-Setarion alliance was made up of: 1) the Digitarietum ischaemi association, 2) the Setaria glauca community and 3) the Ecbinochloo-Setarietum association, the Setaria glauca community was divided into smaller phytosociological units
The research material consisted of 802 relevés recorded during 2002–2004 using the Braun-Blanquet method in plant communities of meadows and pastures and in the neighboring marshes, xerothermal swards, as well as water and synanthropic plant communities. The floristic diversity was assessed at the species and plant-community levels. Attention was paid to the share of species of grasses, papilionaceous and honey plants, medicinal herbs and protected and rare plants, as well as those threatened by extinction, in the flora of the studied area. In plant communities, in which minimum 5 relevés were recorded, each time on/from the area of 100 m2, the total number of species was counted, the average number in the relevé and the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index were calculated. A general, natural-scientific valorization of the San river valley was carried out on the basis of floral species composition and numerical data of analyzed plant communities on sample areas. Additionally, attention was paid to differences in bio-diversity of syntaxa identified within the Arrhenatheretum elatioris and Lolio-Cynosuretum associations. These associations occupied the largest area among the meadows. Phytosociological studies led to identifying 80 phytocoenoses at the association and community ranks, which were classified to 11 classes. Phytocoenoses of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Phragmitetea classes dominated. The flora of the described non-forest communities consisted of 591 species of vascular plants, including over 30% of rare taxa, protected and/or threatened by extinction on the regional and national scale. Particularly valuable are the plant communities in marshes and xerothermal swards, which are threatened by extinction because of changes in habitat conditions and changes in the manner and intensity of utilization, among others. Only 35% of the identified phytocoenoses are not under threat. Species particularly threatened in that area comprise: Trapetum natantis, Caricetum paniculatae, plant community with Fritillaria meleagris, among others, which occurred on single stands only. Floral species composition and the richness of plant communities on meadows, rushes and others of nonforest areas have confirmed clearly that the San river valley is of high value for natural science. The value of the Shannon-Wiener index was diversified (H = 1.29-3.54) and usually lower for plant communities of Phragmitetea class in water and rushes, and higher for phytocoenoses of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class.
In the Part I and II the stubble-field plant communities of lowlands agricultural utility complexes in South-Eastern Poland were introduced. The Part III contains a description of such communities occurring in mountain complexes. In the years 1972-1975, since August till September, 95 phytosociological records were taken on the area elevated from 300 to 650 m over the sea level, embracing the Carpathian Foreland and the Low Carpathian region. The research was conducted upon the typical, acid and leached brown soils, as well as on clay, dusty clay and silt alluvial soils belonging to three mountain complexes: wheat, cereal and oat-potatoes. The following communities were specified: I. Setaria glauca community, divided into two variants: 1) typical; 2) with Aphanes arvensis; II. Veronica persica community, divided into four variants: 1) with Aphanes arvensis, 2) typical, 3) with Geranium dissectum, 4) with Aethusa cynapium. The variant with Geranium dissectum, belonging to the community with Veronica persica, was considered as having the most mountain character
The study on weed infestation of root crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park was conducted in the years 1991-1995. As many as 240 phytosociological records, made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method, were taken in potato and sugar beet fields. The number of weed species in sugar beet and potato in the area depended on the soil and type of root crop. In the same environment conditions. the iiuinber of weed species was higher in potato than in sugar beet. The most difficult weed species iii all types of soil were: <i>Chenopodium album, Stellaria media</i> and <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>. Podsolic soils were highly infested by two acidophylic species: <i>Spergula arvensis</i> and <i>Raphanus raphanistum</i>. Potato in loess soil and brown soil made of loamy sands were highly infested by <i>Echinochloa crus-galli, Equisetum arvense</i> and <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>. Root crop plantations in brown soils formed from gaizes of granulometric loam texture and limestone soils were infested by: <i>Galium aparine, Sonchus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis</i> and <i>Veronica persica</i>.
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