MethodsAll imaging and Doppler sampling were performed on a duplex Doppler real-time scanner (Advanced Technology Labs., model 600) at 3 MHz. The wall filter was set to minimum, and the Doppler DGC curve was set to suppress Doppler signals arising proximal to the sample volume in order to avoid quadrature detector saturation. Sample volume position and width were optimized to avoid superimposition of nearby arterial or systemic venous signals on the portal venous signal. The real-time images were recorded on a standard multiformat camera, and the Doppler signals were recorded on a paper-strip-chart recorder.
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