Background: The superior laryngeal artery (SLA) is the dominant arterial supply of the laryngeal muscles, mucosa and glands. Knowledge of variations in the origin of superior laryngeal artery will be very useful during reconstructive surgeries of the larynx, partial laryngectomy, laryngeal transplantation, and also during procedures like super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy for laryngeal and hypolaryngeal cancers. However, relatively few studies have been done on the superior laryngeal artery in comparison to its clinical importance. The present study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of variable origin of the superior laryngeal artery within the carotid triangle.Materials and methods: Seventy hemi-necks obtained from 35 cadavers were dissected and studied for variations in the origin of superior laryngeal artery. Dissection method was employed for this study. The infrahyoid group of muscles were identified and reflected. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and superior belly of omohyoid were displaced laterally. The fascia was removed from the lobes of the thyroid gland exposing its arteries and veins, studied the origin of STA and its branches, especially superior laryngeal artery.Results: It was observed that the superior laryngeal artery took origin from superior thyroid in 92.8% cases. Variable origin from the bifurcation of common carotid artery was noted in 4.28% cases. SLA was found to arise from the external carotid artery in 2.85% cases. All the variations that were observed were unilateral. Conclusion:These findings may provide further insight to the anatomists, radiologists and surgeons and can help improve performances during surgical manipulations of the larynx.
Awareness of anatomical variations in lungs is essential during segmental or lobar resections of lungs. Hence the proposed aim of the study was to study the fissures and lobes of the lungs and their variations and to compare them with previous studies and to find their clinical implications.Materials and Method: Seventy lungs obtained from cadavers in the department of anatomy, Govt Dharmapuri Medical College were used for study. Any variation in the fissures and lobes of the lungs and accessory fissure were studied.Result: Out of seventy lungs studied, 32 were from right side and 38 were from left side. Out of 32 right lungs examined, the horizontal fissure was absent in 4 lungs (12.5%), incomplete in 10 lungs (31.25%), Complete in 18 lungs (56.25%). Oblique fissure was incomplete in 5 lungs (16%) and complete in 27 lungs (84%). Out of 38 left lungs, the oblique fissure was incomplete in 8 lungs (21%), complete in 30 lungs (79%) and accessory fissure in 5 lungs. Conclusion:Knowledge of such variations will be helpful to the radiologists, clinicians to make correct diagnosis and plan for the surgical procedure. This will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with lung surgeries.
Background: The Circle of Willis plays an important role as cerebral collateral channel. Aneurysms are commonly arising in the anterior half of the circle of Willis, those originating on the anterior communicating artery are regarded as the most complex. This complexity is caused by the frequent variants of normal anatomy. The two anterior cerebral arteries, Anterior communicating artery, Artery of Heubner and perforating vessels arising from these vessels are called the anterior cerebral-anterior communicating complex. The anatomy of this complex is characterized by numerous anomalies &variations, so it gains a great surgical importance. AIM:To study the microanatomy of anterior portion of Circle of Wills in south Indian cadavers.Materials and Methods: This study done in 100 formalin fixed human brains obtained from routine dissection from cadavers with 10x magnification. The length, various anomalies noted in the following arteries: A1, A2 segments of anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery and photographed for documentation. Results:The mean length of right and left A1 segments of anterior cerebral artery (ACA), anterior communicating artery (ACoA) was 14.44 mm, 13.61 mm, 2.73 mm. Standard deviation was 2.53, 1.69, 1.16 respectively. Hypoplastic A1 segment noted in 6% of right side. In A2 segment of ACA, the Median anterior cerebral artery found in 2% and azygous artery found in 2%. Anterior communicating artery duplicated in 10%, hypoplastic in 6%, fenestrated in 16% . ACoA was absent in 2% of specimens. Conclusion:The variations found in our study was more in the ACoA and A2 segment of ACA rather than A1 segments of ACA. The knowledge of anatomical variations in this region is essential for neurosurgeons to planning the neurosurgical procedures to avoid unexpected neurological complications.
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