The main objective of the study was to recognize the effect of ceramic thickness and luting agent on the extent to which the restoration masks color variations that may be present in the underlying dental structure. Two pressable ceramics were used: Lithium disilicate reinforced (IPS e.max- Ivoclar Vivadent) and Leucite reinforced (Cergo- Dentsply). Fifteen ceramic discs were manufactured from each ceramic and divided into three groups, according to the thickness (0.5, 1, 1.5 mm). To simulate the color of a dark underlying dental structure, background discs, color C3, with 20 mm diameter, were made using resin composite. The ceramic discs with varying thicknesses were seated on the dark background of the resin composite with either resinous opaque cement or resinous cement. The color parameters were determined by the CIE Lab system of colors using a spectrophotometer and color differences (ΔE) were calculated. The results were then statistically analyzed, using ANOVA test and Tukey HSD test. The ΔE values of both ceramic systems were affected by both the luting agent and the ceramic thickness (P < 0.05). The use of an opaque luting agent resulted in an increase of the ΔE* values for all ceramics tested, regardless of the thickness. For the 1.5-mm thick veneers, higher values in the color parameters were obtained for both ceramic materials. The color masking ability of ceramics used for laminate veneers is significantly affected by the thickness of the ceramic and the shade of the luting agent used.

Aim:This study was designed to evaluate the apical seal of root canals obturated with resin cement as a root canal sealer and compare with that of the glass ionomer and zinc oxide eugenol sealers using a cold lateral condensation gutta-percha technique.Background:Successful root canal treatment requires three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system with nonirritating biomaterials. None of the available materials are capable of providing a fluid tight seal.Materials and Methods:The prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each to be obturated using three different sealers. Group I: zinc oxide eugenol (Tubliseal), Group II: Glass ionomer (Ketac Endo), and Group III: resin cement (C & B Superbond). All the specimens were stored in 100% relative humidity at 37° for 24 h. The specimens were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 48 h and sectioned. The dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope.Results:The “Kruskal” Wallis test was carried out to test the equality of mean. All the specimens showed dye leakage, and there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) among the groups. The specimens in Group III showed a minimal leakage and the specimens in Group I showed a maximum leakage.Conclusion:Resin cement sealed the root canals significantly better when compared with zinc oxide eugenol and glass ionomer sealers.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of grit blasting, chemical treatment, and application of alloy primer combinations on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-cure resin cement to titanium surface.Materials and Methods:Fifty cast commercially pure titanium discs (9 mm × 2 mm) were divided into five groups (n = 10), which received the following surface treatments: Control group (no surface treatment), group 1 (grit blasting using 110 µm Al2O3 particles and application of alloy primer), group 2 (grit blasting using 110 µm Al2O3 particles and chemical treatment using 1N HCl), group 3 (chemical treatment using 1N HCl and application of alloy primer), and group 4 (Grit blasting using 110 µm Al2O3 particles, chemical treatment using 1N HCl and application of alloy primer). Superbond C and B resin cement was applied to the treated titanium surfaces including controls. SBSs were determined after thermocycling for 5000 cycles. Data (megapascal) were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test.Results:Group 4 (grit blasting using 110 µm Al2O3 particles, chemical treatment using 1N hydrochloric acid, and application of alloy primer) produced the highest bond strength followed by group 1, group 3, group 2, and the control group which showed the least bond strength.Conclusion:(1) Air-abrasion with alumina particles increases the micromechanical retention of the resin to titanium. (2) The alloy primer promotes wettability, which increases the adhesive bonding of resin cement to titanium. (3) Chemical treatment using hydrochloric acid effectively pretreats the titanium surface thereby increasing the SBS values.

A novel NLO-active chalcone derivative (E)-1-(5-chlorothiophene-2-yl)-3-(4-dimethylamino) phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one has been synthesized by adopting Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction method. Using DMF as solvent, single crystals of the compound were grown by solution growth technique. The grown crystals are of diamond-shaped dark red colour in nature, and these crystals are characterized using different experimental methods. NMR and LC-MS spectral methods are used to confirm the molecular structure of the synthesized compound. The observed fluorescence spectrum clearly signifies that the newly grown crystal could be utilized as a new green light-emitting material. The molecular 3-dimensional hirshfeld surface and the corresponding 2-dimensional finger print plot representation quantifying the percentage contribution of each individual atom present in the compound were studied. From the density functional theory, the values of HOMO, LUMO and their energy gap were determined. The values of global chemical reactivity descriptors such as chemical hardness (η), global softness (σ), electrophilicity (ω), ionization potential (I) and chemical potential (μ) have been calculated. The molecular electrostatic potential map identifies the potential sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack in the molecule. The NLO parameters such as molecular polarizability (α), dipole moment (μ) and first-order hyperpolarizability (β) were determined using density functional theory.

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